Calculus 3 : Calculus 3

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Calculus 3

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Example Questions

Example Question #23 : Differentials

Find the total differential of the following function:

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The total differential of a function  is given by

To find the given partial derivative of the function, we must treat the other variable(s) as constants.

The partial derivatives are

Example Question #24 : Differentials

Find the total differential of the function:

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The total differential of a function  is given by

To find the given partial derivative of the function, we must treat the other variable(s) as constants.

The partial derivatives are

Example Question #26 : Differentials

If , calculate the total differential .

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The total differential  of a function  is defined as the sum of the partial derivatives of  with respect to each of its variables; that is,

In this case, , and so we use the sum rule, the rule for derivatives of a variable raised to a power, the rule for the derivative of , and the chain rule to calculate the partial derivatives  and , as shown:

,

.

In both cases, we treated the variable not being differentiated as a constant, and applied the chain rule to  to calculate its partial derivatives. Now that  and  have been calculated, all that remains is to substitute them into the definition of the total derivative:

Example Question #27 : Differentials

If , calculate the total differential .

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The total differential  of a function  is defined as the sum of the partial derivatives of  with respect to each of its variables; that is,

In this case, , and so we use the product rule and the rule for differentiating  to calculate the partial derivatives  and , as shown:

,

In both cases, we treated the variable not being differentiated as a constant, and applied the product rule to calculate its partial derivatives. Now that  and  have been calculated, all that remains is to substitute them into the definition of the total derivative:

Example Question #1447 : Partial Derivatives

Compute the differentials for the following function.

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

What we need to do is take derivatives, and remember the general equation.

When taking the derivative with respect to y recall that the product rule needs to be used.

Example Question #1441 : Partial Derivatives

Compute the differentials for the following function.

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

What we need to do is take derivatives, and remember the general equation.

When taking the derivative with respect to y recall that the product rule needs to be used.

Example Question #1 : Relative Minimums And Maximums

Find and classify all the critical points for .

Possible Answers:

 Relative Minimum

 Saddle Point 

 Saddle Point

 Saddle Point

 Relative Minimum

 Saddle Point 

 Relative Maximum

 Relative Minimum

 Relative Minimum

 Relative Minimum

 Saddle Point

 Saddle Point

 Relative Maximum

 Relative Minimum

 Saddle Point

 Saddle Point

 Saddle Point

 Saddle Point 

 Saddle Point

 Saddle Point

Correct answer:

 Relative Minimum

 Saddle Point 

 Saddle Point

 Saddle Point

Explanation:

First thing we need to do is take partial derivatives.

 

Now we want to find critical points, we do this by setting the partial derivative in respect to x equal to zero.

Now we want to plug in these values into the partial derivative in respect to y and set it equal to zero.

 

Lets summarize the critical points:

If 

If 

 

Now we need to classify these points, we do this by creating a general formula  .

, where , is a critical point.

If  and , then there is a relative minimum at 

If  and , then there is a relative maximum at 

If , there is a saddle point at  

If  then the point  may be a relative minimum, relative maximum or a saddle point.

 

Now we plug in the critical values into .

 

Since  and  is a relative minimum.

 

Since ,  is a saddle point.

 

Since  is a saddle point

Since  is a saddle point

Example Question #2 : Relative Minimums And Maximums

Find the relative maxima and minima of .

Possible Answers:

  is a relative maximum.

  is a relative maximum.

  is a relative minimum.

  is a relative minimum.

Correct answer:

  is a relative minimum.

Explanation:

To find the relative maxima and minima, we must find all the first order and second order partial derivatives.  We will use the first order partial derivative to find the critical points, then use the equation

to classify the critical points.  

If  and , then there is a relative minimum at this point.

If  and , then there is a relative maximum at this point.

If , then this point is a saddle point.

If , then this point cannot be classified.

 

The first order partial derivatives are

The second order partial derivatives are

 

To find the critical points, we will set the first derivatives equal to 

There is only one critical point and it is at .  We need to determine if this critical point is a maximum or minimum using  and .  

Since   and ,   is a relative minimum.

Example Question #3 : Relative Minimums And Maximums

Find the relative maxima and minima of .

Possible Answers:

 is a relative maximum,  is a relative minimum

 is a saddle point,  is a relative minimum

 and  are relative minima

 and  are relative maxima

Correct answer:

 is a saddle point,  is a relative minimum

Explanation:

To find the relative maxima and minima, we must find all the first order and second order partial derivatives.  We will use the first order partial derivative to find the critical points, then use the equation

to classify the critical points.  

If  and , then there is a relative minimum at this point.

If  and , then there is a relative maximum at this point.

If , then this point is a saddle point.

If , then this point cannot be classified.

 

The first order partial derivatives are

The second order partial derivatives are

 

To find the critical points, we will set the first derivatives equal to 

There are two possible values of  and .

We find the corresponding values of  using  (found by rearranging the first derivative)

 

There are critical points at  and.  We need to determine if the critical points are maximums or minimums using  and .  

At ,

Since ,  is a saddle point.

At ,

Since  and , is a relative minimum.

Example Question #4 : Relative Minimums And Maximums

Find the relative maxima and minima of .

Possible Answers:

 and  are relative maxima.

 and  are saddle points.

 and  are relative minima.

 and  are relative minima,   is a relative maximum.

Correct answer:

 and  are saddle points.

Explanation:

To find the relative maxima and minima, we must find all the first order and second order partial derivatives.  We will use the first order partial derivative to find the critical points, then use the equation

to classify the critical points.  

If  and , then there is a relative minimum at this point.

If  and , then there is a relative maximum at this point.

If , then this point is a saddle point.

If , then this point cannot be classified.

 

The first order partial derivatives are

The second order partial derivatives are

 

To find the critical points, we will set the first derivatives equal to 

Squaring both sides of the equation gives us

Multiplying both sides of the equation by  gives us

 

There are three possible values of  and .

We find the corresponding values of  using  (found by rearranging the first derivative)

There are critical points at  and.  We need to determine if the critical points are maximums or minimums using  and .  

 

At ,

Since  is a saddle point.

At ,

Since  is a saddle point.

 

At ,

Since  is a saddle point.

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