ACT English : Phrase, Clause, and Sentence Errors
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Example Questions
Example Question #131 : Modifier Placement Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
Scientists believe the extinction now was caused by a variety of factors millions of years ago, rather than a single cause.
Scientists believe the extinction now was causing by a variety of factors millions of years ago, rather than a single cause.
Scientists believe the extinction now was caused by a variety of factors millions of years ago rather than a single cause.
Scientists believe the extinction now caused by a variety of factors millions of years ago, rather than a single cause.
Scientists now believe the extinction was caused by a variety of factors millions of years ago, rather than a single cause.
Scientists believe the extinction now was caused by a variety of factors millions of years ago, rather than a single cause.
Scientists now believe the extinction was caused by a variety of factors millions of years ago, rather than a single cause.
The placement of "now" before "was" makes the sentence read so that the "extinction" appears to be simultaneously "now" and "millions of years ago." The word order should be changed to demonstrate the thing happening "now" is what "scientists believe." Therefore, the correct answer choice is "Scientists now believe the extinction was caused by a variety of factors millions of years ago, rather than a single cause."
Example Question #361 : Correcting Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The flood was the beginning only of the area's experience with natural disasters that season.
The flood was the beginning only of the area's experiencing
The flood was the beginning only of the areas experience
The flood was only the beginning of the area's experience
The flood was the beginning only of the area's experience
The flood was the beginning only for the area's experience
The flood was only the beginning of the area's experience
The insertion of "only" between "beginning" and "of" makes the sentence confusing and awkward. The sentence is attempting to say that the flood began a sequence of awful natural disasters, but "only" should be moved to better indicate this. The answer choice that best clarifies the sentence is "The flood was only the beginning of the area's experience."
Example Question #441 : Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The king was the person only in the country who could exercise such power.
The king was the person in the country only who could exercise such power.
The king was the only person in the country who could exercise such power.
Only the king was the person in the country who could exercise such power.
The king was the person only in the country who could exercise such power.
The king was the person in the country who could exercise such power only.
The king was the only person in the country who could exercise such power.
In the sentence as it is written, "only" is floating between phrases, and it is not clear what exactly the word is modifying. The sentence is trying to say that the king was the singular person with the ability to exercise the power. So, "only" should be placed next to "person" to make this clear. The only answer choice that places "only" before "person" is "The king was the only person in the country who could exercise such power."
Example Question #442 : Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
Just he was seventeen when he first got arrested, and he was charged with a minor shoplifting violation.
He was seventeen just when he first got arrested
Just seventeen he was when he first got arrested
He was seventeen when he just first got arrested
He was just seventeen when he first got arrested
Just he was seventeen when he first got arrested
He was just seventeen when he first got arrested
The use of "just" at the beginning of the sentence is awkward and confusing, making it unclear what exactly the adjective is modifying. The word makes the most sense if it modifies "seventeen," to emphasize the subject's youth during his "first arrest." "He was just seventeen when he first got arrested" is the answer choice that best makes use of the word "just" by placing it directly before "seventeen."
Example Question #21 : Correcting Misplaced Or Interrupting Modifier Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The race's winner was actually only the driver to complete the full race.
The race's winner was actually the only driver to complete the full race.
The race's winner was actually only the driver to complete the full race.
The race's winner was actually the driver to only complete the full race.
The race's winner was only actually the driver to complete the full race.
The race's winner was actually the driver only to complete the full race.
The race's winner was actually the only driver to complete the full race.
The placement of "only" in the sentence is confusing and odd, as it seems to imply that the subject was merely the driver who finished. The sentence will make the most sense if "only" is used to show that the winner was the one driver to finish. The sentence which best does this is "The race's winner was actually the only driver to complete the full race."
Example Question #443 : Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
As a child the only thing I wanted to be was a race car driver. My mothers family all lived in central Indiana, and I went to the Indianapolis 500 every year growing up. Between the colors on the cars the speed of the race and the enthusiasm of the crowd, nothing in the world seemed more exciting to a child. I would lay awake at night thinking about getting behind the wheel of my own race car. My bedroom walls were adorned with posters of the all great racers from all over the world.
When I was a teenager, I had the opportunity to race go karts on small tracks against other kids my age. Very quickly I realized I am the terrible driver. Any bumping with another driver was too much for me to handle, and I could not take the turns quick enough to keep pace with the best drivers. None of this diminished my love of racing, however, because just being at the track was such a thrill. The noise, the speed, and rushing were all more exciting from the pits than from the grandstand. If I could never be in the driver’s seat, then I would place myself behind the scenes.
With this new focus, I began studying mechanical engineering and automotive design. I might not have been able to drive a race car; but now I could design a car, build a car, and engineer it to win a race. The drivers still get all the credit for the championships, but everyone knows they would never win without the people like myself.
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
NO CHANGE
with posters of all the great racers
with all the posters of the great racers
with posters of the great racers all
with posters of all the great racers
The position of the modifier "all" in the underlined section is awkward, and the sentence makes more sense if the "all" is moved. So, the correct answer is "with posters of all the great racers," in which "all" clearly describes "the great racers."
Example Question #444 : Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence. If the underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
I practically all day cried to them after my grandfather's death.
I practically all day cried to them after my grandfathers' death.
I cried practically all day to them after my grandfather's death.
I cried to them practically all day after my grandfather's death.
NO CHANGE
I cried to them practically all day after my grandfather's death.
"Practically" is used here to modify the phrase "all day," meaning that the author cried for nearly the entire day. To avoid ambiguity, the modifier should be placed next to the modified phrase. Secondly, according to the original sentence, there is only one grandfather who died, meaning that the death is owned by one grandfather and the apostrophe should come before the "s," not after.
Example Question #445 : Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
It was still raining when my brother came back home. He slammed the door; he was angry. Having forgotten his umbrella, his new jacket had gotten ruined in the storm.
Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence. If the underlined portion is correct as written, choose “NO CHANGE.”
the storm had ruined his new jacket.
having been left out in the storm, his new jacket was ruined.
he had ruined his new jacket in the storm.
his new jacket was ruined by the storm.
NO CHANGE
he had ruined his new jacket in the storm.
Here, we have to make sure that the modifier phrase “Having forgotten his umbrella in the storm” describes the right word. It's the brother who has forgotten his umbrella; however, the way the sentence is currently worded, it sounds like it is the jacket that has forgotten its umbrella. We can fix this by rephrasing the sentence so that the word “he” (the brother) is right next to the modifying phrase “Having forgotten his jacket in the storm.”
Example Question #446 : Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
In high school, I was a whiz at math. I always used the same orange pencil to do my math assignments. It was my lucky pencil. In college, after me losing that pencil, my math assignments all seemed much harder.
Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence. If the underlined portion is correct as written, choose “NO CHANGE.”
due to the fact of my having lost that pencil
losing that pencil
NO CHANGE
after I had lost that pencil
having lost that pencil
after I had lost that pencil
Here, we understand what the writer is trying to say: that he or she found his math assignments harder after he or she had lost his or her pencil; however, the way the sentence is currently worded (“me losing”) is grammatically incorrect. The best answer choice is the one that specifies who has lost the pencil: “after I had lost the pencil.” The choices “having lost the pencil” and “losing that pencil” are not correct because they make it sound like it is the math assignments that have lost the pencil.
Example Question #447 : Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
Called by some “the most important poem of the twentieth century,” T. S. Eliot in “The Waste Land” describes the apathy and despair in Europe after the first World War.
Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence. If the underlined portion is correct as written, choose “NO CHANGE.”
NO CHANGE
“The Waste Land” by T. S. Eliot describes the apathy and despair
the description of apathy and despair in “The Waste Land” by T. S. Eliot
apathy and despair are described by T. S. Eliot in “The Waste Land”
T. S. Eliot, describing in his “The Waste Land” the apathy and despair
“The Waste Land” by T. S. Eliot describes the apathy and despair
In this sentence, we have to make sure that the modifying phrase “Called by some the most important poem of the twentieth century” is describing the right subject. It is the poem “The Waste Land” that this phrase should modify, not the poem's author. So, we can correct the sentence by rephrasing it so that the words “The Waste Land” are right next to the modifying phrase.
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