Human Anatomy and Physiology : Gross Anatomy

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Example Questions

Example Question #531 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the lower respiratory tract?

Possible Answers:

larynx 

lungs 

bronchi

pharynx 

trachea

Correct answer:

pharynx 

Explanation:

The respiratory tract is divided into the upper and lower tracts. The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose (including nasal sinuses) and pharynx. The lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. 

Example Question #532 : Gross Anatomy

The larynx connects the __________ with the __________. 

Possible Answers:

trachea, Bronchi

 nasal cavity, pharynx 

pharynx, Bronchi

pharynx, Epiglottis 

pharynx, trachea 

Correct answer:

pharynx, trachea 

Explanation:

The larynx, also known as the voice box, connects the pharynx to the trachea. The larynx is formed from folds of laryngeal mucous membrane lined with stratified squamous epithelium. The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located in the throat that prevents food and water from entering the larynx (and airway) when swallowing.  

Example Question #533 : Gross Anatomy

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the __________ when swallowing? 

Possible Answers:

nasopharynx 

alveoli

larynx

esophagus

diaphragm 

Correct answer:

larynx

Explanation:

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue that prevents food and drink from entering the larynx (and further into the airway). This ensures that food and drink enter the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract. The diaphragm is a muscle involved in respiration. Alveoli are small sacs located in the lungs (at the end of brochioles) that allow for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Nasopharynx is the upper part of the pharynx. 

Example Question #534 : Gross Anatomy

What is located on the posterolateral aspect of the testes in the male scrotum?

Possible Answers:

Bulbourethral gland (Cowper's gland)

Vas deferens 

Gubernaculum 

Seminal vesicles 

Epididymis

Correct answer:

Epididymis

Explanation:

The epididymis, which is on the posterolateral aspect of the testes, gives rise to the vas deferens. The vas deferens travels superiorly in the spermatic cord, furthermore joining with the seminal vesicles (located posterior to the urinary bladder). 

The bulbourethral gland is located inferior to the prostate and posteriolateral to the membranous urethra. The gubernaculum (scrotal ligament) is located inferior to each teste, attaching them to the scrotum.

Example Question #535 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following ligaments connects the ovary to the abdominal wall?

Possible Answers:

Suspensory ligament

Gubernaculum 

Round ligament

Ovarian ligament

Broad ligament

Correct answer:

Suspensory ligament

Explanation:

The broad ligament connects the utuerus to the abdominal wall. It is comprised of several smaller structures as well, including the ovarian ligament, round ligament, and suspensory ligament. The ovarian ligament connects the ovary to uterus, the round ligament connects the uterus to the labia majora, and the suspensory ligament connects the ovary to the abdominal wall.

The gubernaculum connects the testes to scrotum (in males).

Example Question #536 : Gross Anatomy

Which statement is true regarding the vesicouterine pouch that is formed by the peritoneum?

Possible Answers:

There is no vesicouterine pouch in females or males

The vesicouterine pouch lies anterior to the rectouterine pouch in males

The vesicouterine pouch is anterior to the rectouterine pouch in females

The vesicouterine pouch lies posterior to the rectouterine pouch in females

The vesicouterine pouch lies posterior to the rectouterine pouch in males

Correct answer:

The vesicouterine pouch is anterior to the rectouterine pouch in females

Explanation:

The vesicouterine pouch is present only in female anatomy. It is located anterior to the rectouterine pouch and lies between the bladder and the uterus, whereas the rectouterine pouch is formed between the uterus and the rectum. 

In males, the pouch formed is the rectovesical pouch, located between the bladder and the rectum. 

Example Question #537 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following make up the erectile bodies in the penis?

Possible Answers:

Corpus cavernosum and tunica albuginea

Corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum and prostate

Corpus cavernosum and prostate

Corpus spongiosum and tunica albuginea

Correct answer:

Corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum

Explanation:

The erectile bodies consist of the corpus spongiosum and two corpora cavernosa (plural form). The tunica albuginea encloses a corpus cavernosum, but it is not itself an erectile body. The prostate lies posterioinferior to the male bladder and superior to the penis; it is not part of the penis.

Example Question #538 : Gross Anatomy

What would you find contained in the deep perineal pouch?

Possible Answers:

Deep transverse perineal muscle, dorsal artery and nerve, urethra, vagina

Cremaster muscle, dorsal artery and nerve, urethra, vagina

Internal urethral sphincter, deep transverse muscle, urethra, vagina

Deep transverse perineal muscle, dorsal artery and nerve, penile urethra

Cremaster muscle, dorsal artery and nerve, penile urethra

Correct answer:

Deep transverse perineal muscle, dorsal artery and nerve, urethra, vagina

Explanation:

The deep transverse perineal muscle, dorsal artery and nerve, urethra, and vagina would all be contents of the deep perineal pouch, which would be exposed after removing the perineal membrane. 

The penile urethra is distal to the perineal pouch. The cremaster muscle is located in the testes, distal to the perineal pouch. The internal urethral sphincter is internal in the bladder. 

Example Question #539 : Gross Anatomy

What pear-shaped organ is supported by ligaments in the pelvic cavity and consists of three layers: endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium?

Possible Answers:

Prostate

Bladder

Scrotum

Vagina

Uterus

Correct answer:

Uterus

Explanation:

The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity that is also referred to as the womb. The wall of the uterus consists of the inner endometrium, which is shed during menstruation, the muscular middle myometrium, and the outer perimetrium. The uterus is supported in the pelvic cavity by several ligaments: two broad, two round, and two uterosacral.

The bladder, also located in the pelvic cavity, has three layers: inner mucous membrane, middle detrusor muscle, and outer visceral peritoneum. The bladder is also supported by numerous ligaments. The prostate is composed of muscle and glandular tissue. The prostate is enclosed in a fibrous capsule containing smooth muscle. The prostate surrounds the neck of the bladder in the male. The vagina, also referred to as the birth canal, is a tube lined with rugae. The adjacent connective tissue permits stretching. The scrotum is a pouch in males containing the testes. The scrotum consists of skin, fascia, and muscle.

Example Question #540 : Gross Anatomy

The external parts of what structure consist of the shaft, glans, and external urethral meatus?

Possible Answers:

Scrotum

Testicles

Vulva

Penis

Clitoris

Correct answer:

Penis

Explanation:

The shaft of the penis contains erectile vascular bodies. The glans is the head of the penis through which the urethal meatus expels urine and semen.

The testicles are covered by a membrane, the tunica vaginalis. The testicles are contained within the scrotum, which is composed of skin, fascia, and muscle. The vulva is the term used to describe the external female genitalia. The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia, and clitoris, which is an erectile body capped by a glans. 

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