The epiploic foramen is not a part of the stomach. Rather, it is the opening of the lesser omentum, which leads to the lesser sac. The fundus is the first part of the stomach that stores food after it leaves the esophagus. The greater curvature is the boundary of the stomach that forms a long convex curve from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum.

Calyces are horn-shaped tubes that carry urine to the renal pelvis. The medulla is the inner part of the kidney that determines how concentrated urine is; the loop of Henle dips deep into the medulla to use the high osmolarity to drive the concentration of fluid in the renal tubule. The ureter is the muscular tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder. The cortex is where the blood is filtered in the glomerular capillaries.

The epithelia of the small and large intestine form glands called crypts located between villi. The crypts are a collection of cells including columnar secreting cells, goblet cells and stem cells. Stem cells are cells that are capable of self-renewal. They are not located in the muscular layer of the intestine or in any layer of the stomach or esophagus. 

The layers of the intestinal wall from the outermost to the inner most are: the adventitia, the muscularis propria, the submucosa and the mucosa. The mucosa contains  mostly epithelium, but also connective tissue known as the lamina propria. The adventitia contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves that nourish and innervate the other layers of the wall.

The esophagus brings food down to the stomach. The pyloric sphincter releases small amounts of partially digested food into the duodenum, which is the beginning of the small intestine.

The cecum is the first part of the large intestine. After traveling through the cecum, digested material travels up the ascending colon, past the hepatic flexure, through the transverse colon, past the splenic flexure, down the descending colon, and finally through the sigmoid colon.

The greater omentum is a large apron like fold of peritoneum that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach in front of the small intestine. Once pass the small intestines, the greater omentum reflects on itself to reach the transverse colon. The lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver. The greater omentum consists of visceral peritoneum.

The liver is a large organ located in the upper right quadrant (also known as the right hypochrondriac region) of the abdomen. It sits below the diaphragm and above the stomach and intestines.

The hypochondriac regions consist of the upper outer quadrants of the abdomen, lateral to the epigastric region. Specifically it consists of the area that is covered by the costal cartilage of the ribs. 

During the course of development the ascending colon is pushed against the posterior wall of the abdomen to become secondarily retroperitoneal. Other retroperitoneal organs include the descending colon, kidneys, adrenals, esophagus, ureters, pancreas (except tail), the second and third segments of the duodenum, the aorta/inferior vena cava, and the rectum. 

The spleen, transverse colon, and stomach are all intraperitoneal organs (located within the abdominal cavity and wrapped in peritoneum) .  

Retroperitoneal organs include the following: esophagus, adrenal glands, aorta/inferior vena cava, second and third parts of the duodenum, pancreas (except the tail), ureters, colon (ascending and descending portions), the kidneys, and the rectum.

The retroperitoneal space is an anatomical space within the abdomen but behind the peritoneum. Retroperitoneal organs should have peitoneum only at the anterior surface. These organs are not suspended by mesentery.