The correct answer is "Topical estrogen." 

In a patient with atrophic vulvovaginitis, a condition that causes thinning of the vaginal and vulvar tissue, resulting in inflammation, diminished lubrication, and subsequent pain, the best initial treatment option if the condition is distressing to the patient is application of topical estrogen. Atrophic vulvovaginitis is a common condition in post-menopausal women as the level of circulating estrogen decreases, and therefore estrogen-mediated effects on female tissues are diminished. With the significant decrease in estrogen to the vagina and vulva, inflammatory and painful symptoms may occur, as in this patient. By applying a topical estrogen cream to the affected tissues, this allows the patient to supplement the estrogen that was lost following menopause, while not exposing the patient to the potentially negative effects (e.g. cardiovascular) of systemic estrogen supplementation.

Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic antagonist and has no role in the treatment of atrophic vulvovaginitis. 

Oxybutinin is an anti-cholinergic medication that is used to treat spastic bladder, among other conditions. It has no role in the treatment of atrophic vulvovaginitis. 

Diphenhydramine is an anti-histamine medication that has a wide variety of uses, but none known to treat atrophic vulvovaginitis.

The correct answer is "Terbutaline." This is the correct answer, as terbutaline, a beta-2-adrenergic agonist, is the only medication listed that has tocolytic, or labor-repressing (anti-contraction) properties. It is one of the most common medications used for tocolysis in pregnant women. Another commonly used tocolytic agent is nifedipine, a calcium-channel blocker.

The other choices are incorrect. Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) that is commonly used to treat hypertension, among other conditions. It has no reported use as a tocolytic. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension. It has no reported tocolytic properties. Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication used to treat a number of conditions including major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, among others. Terbinafine is an allylamine anti-fungal medication used to treat conditions such as tinea corporis or tinea cruris. 

The basal body temperature is a method many women use to determine when ovulation occurs. To take a basal body temperature, one must use a basal thermometer (which is more sensitive) and take their body temperature before getting out of bed (or even sitting up) each morning. This method is utilized the best if a woman wakes up and takes her temperature at the same time daily.

Increment is the beginning or rise of the contraction. Acme is the peak of the contraction. Decrement is the fall of the contraction. Frequency is measured from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of another, so it should be measured from the increment of the first contraction to the increment of the second contraction.

The nurse must suspect rupture of the membranes (amniotic sac). Assess fetal heart rate if rupture of the membranes may have occurred. With rupture comes the potential for cord prolapse. Assess fetal heart rate for baseline variability. Marked variability may be cause for concern and the nurse should monitor the patient for signs of infection.

It is important for the obstetric registered nurse to recognize the following danger signs of pregnancy: profuse vaginal bleeding, severe headaches/visual disturbances/abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, fever, chills, or swelling in the face or fingers. These may be signs of placental abnormalities, hypertensive disorders or pregnancy, maternal infection, or hyperemesis. Increased urination may be concerning to some women, but during pregnancy, the increased mass of the uterus induces pressure upon the bladder. 

The alpha-fetal protein (AFP) test is the only test that can predict neural tube defects in a fetus during pregnancy. CVS can detect fetal karyotype, sickle-cell anemia, phenylketonuria (PKU), Down syndrome, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Amniocentesis can detect genetic disorders and lung maturity. Ultrasounds provide images of the fetal position, measurements of the fetus and placenta, and can confirm pregnancy and gestational age. Non-stress tests (NST) are used to record fetal heart rate to assess fetal well being after 28 weeks gestation.

ASC-US or LSIL in women age 21-24 should be managed by repeat cytology in one year. Neither cervical conization nor LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure) would be appropriate in a patient of this age or presentation.

Premature ovarian failure is the loss of ovarian function in an individual under the age of 40. A  and  would be indicative of this condition.

The most common symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are moderate to severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Pain may be cramping or sharp. Bleeding can be heavy and the individual can even begin to bleed into their abdominal cavity. Ectopic pregnancy is not consistent with fetal survival and requires treatment with methotrexate or, in the case of bleeding, surgery may be indicated.