NCLEX-RN : Conditions and Treatments

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for NCLEX-RN

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Example Questions

Example Question #221 : Conditions And Treatments

A patient enters the labor and delivery unit. She is having a singleton birth and the baby is showing minimal variability on the fetal monitor. Interventions may include all but __________.

Possible Answers:

suggesting that the patient walk with a portable monitor

giving the patient a 500mL IV fluid bolus

placing the patient on a non-rebreather mask

placing the patient flat on her back

contacting the provider

Correct answer:

placing the patient flat on her back

Explanation:

Increasing fluid and oxygen administration may increase the overall oxygenation of the fetus and result in greater variability in heart rate. It is advisable to change the position of the patient, however, a supine position is not compatible with pregnancy. Contacting the provider is an acceptable intervention given concern for fetal well-being.

Example Question #1022 : Nclex

What is the most common cause of mucopurulent cervicitis? 

Possible Answers:

Herpes simplex virus

Neisseria gonorrhea

Chlamydia trachomatis

Human papillomavirus

Correct answer:

Chlamydia trachomatis

Explanation:

The most common cause of mucopurulent cervicitis is chlamydia trachomatis, followed by neisseria gonorrhea. Human papillomavirus, while it is associated with increased risk of development of cervical cancer, does not cause mucopurulent cervicitis, nor does herpes simplex.

Example Question #1023 : Nclex

Which of the following conditions can result in temporary masculinization of a pregnant woman which resolves after delivery?

Possible Answers:

Placental aromatase deficiency

Chloasma

Growth hormone deficieny

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Correct answer:

Placental aromatase deficiency

Explanation:

Placental aromatase deficiency is a condition that prevents testosterone from being aromatized into estrogen during pregnancy. This results in a temporary masculinization of the mother that does not continue past delivery. Neither chloasma nor growth hormone deficiency result in masculinization, and masculinizing symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome often improve during pregnancy, rather than getting worse. 

Example Question #1024 : Nclex

Which of the following conditions presents as vulvar pruritus and pain with porcelain-white vaginovulvular atrophy?

Possible Answers:

Bacterial vaginosis

Lichen sclerosus

Herpes simplex

Contact vulvitis

Correct answer:

Lichen sclerosus

Explanation:

Lichen sclerosus is a condition that presents as vulvar pruritus and pain with porcelain-white vaginovulvular atrophy. It is most common in post-menopausal women, though it does occur on occasion in younger women and girls. While all of the other conditions listed can cause puritis and pain, none of them are associated with frank atrophy.   

Example Question #1025 : Nclex

All of the following are part of the Amsel criteria for bacterial vaginosis except __________.

Possible Answers:

Vaginal pH > 4.5 

All of there are part of the Amsel criteria for bacterial vaginosis

Thin gray or white vaginal discharge

A positive "whiff" test on addition of potassium hydroxide to the vaginal discharge

Correct answer:

All of there are part of the Amsel criteria for bacterial vaginosis

Explanation:

The Amsel criteria for bacterial vaginosis are as follows: clue cells seen on microscopic examination, a positive "whiff" test on addition of potassium hydroxide to the vaginal discharge, a vaginal pH > 4.5, and thin gray or white vaginal discharge.

Example Question #226 : Conditions And Treatments

Which of the following is not a risk-factor for uterine leiomyoma?

Possible Answers:

Smoking

Red meat consumption

Family history

Obesity

Correct answer:

Smoking

Explanation:

The main risk factors for uterine leiomyoma are family history, obesity, and red meat consumption. Smoking is not a risk factor.

Example Question #222 : Conditions And Treatments

Up to 90% of cases of pelvic inflammatory disease have what etiology?

Possible Answers:

Chlamydia trachomatis only

Neisseria gonorrhoeae only

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis

Human papillomavirus only

Correct answer:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis

Explanation:

75 to 90% of cases of pelvic inflammatory disease are caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or chlamydia trachomatis infections. This condition, typified by adhesion formation in the uterus and fallopian tubes, can result in serious issues such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or reproductive cancer. 

Example Question #18 : Causes And Treatments Of Ob/Gyn Conditions

Which of the following is part of the diagnostic criteria for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Possible Answers:

Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

All of these

Leukocytosis

Fever

Correct answer:

All of these

Explanation:

The criteria for diagnosis of PID are as follows: fever, cervical motion tenderness, abdominal pain, leukocytosis, elevated ESR, and purulent cervical discharge.

Example Question #223 : Conditions And Treatments

What would be the primary concern in the case of rubella infection during pregnancy?

Possible Answers:

Maternal ocular damage

Maternal death

Birth defects

Gestational diabetes

Correct answer:

Birth defects

Explanation:

The primary risk in rubella infection during pregnancy is to the fetus. The rubella virus is able to cross the placenta, and acts as a teratogen by inducing apoptosis in fetal cells. This is termed congenital rubella syndrome. Birth defects can include deafness, ocular damage, cataracts, congenital heart defects, hepatomegaly, and developmental disability or delays. 

Example Question #224 : Conditions And Treatments

At what time during gestation is a fetus most susceptible to congenital rubella syndrome?

Possible Answers:

Week 12-20

The first 12 weeks after conception

Week 30-40

Week 20-30

Correct answer:

The first 12 weeks after conception

Explanation:

Infants who are exposed to rubella during weeks 0-12 of gestation have a 51% chance of developing congenital rubella syndrome. If the fetus is exposed to the virus between 12 and 26 weeks, the incidence of defects drops to 23%. Congenital rubella syndrome is rare in infants whose mothers were initially exposed to the virus after 26 weeks of gestation. Interestingly, the fetus is more likely to have birth defects if the mother contracted rubella before conception - infants whose mothers contracted the virus 0-4 weeks before conception have as much as 43% incidence of congenital rubella syndrome, due to it's long incubation period. 

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