The correct answer is "2." Currently, those two parties are the Democrats and the Republicans (and have been since the Civil War). That's not to say that there are NO other parties in the US, simply that there are only two major parties. This is partially due to our electoral system (that is, the way that we vote).

Political patronage is the term used to describe the granting of favors, passing favorable legislation, or making government appointments in exchange for financial support during a campaign. Meritocracy is fairly close to being the opposite, as it is a system whereby only the most qualified and skilled person is able to get a job.

In the American two-party system politicians often adopt broad opinions on a wide variety of issues to appeal to the largest number of people as possible. This generally ensures that both political parties are quite moderate when compared to the liberal or conservative parties in countries with a multi-party system.

A realignment election takes place when many votes switch their political-party allegiance. Often, a realignment election sees the rise of a third party or a previously unknown party into the two-party system. Other times it sees voters switching which of the two major parties they support. A realignment election often reflects widespread voter dissatisfaction with one or both of the two major parties.

A presidential candidate must win a majority of the Electoral College in order to become the next President. This is a slightly tricky question. Many people are under the incorrect assumption that a candidate must win a majority of the popular vote in order to become President. In reality, becoming the President requires a majority of the Electoral College-- which does not necessarily require a majority of the popular vote (due to the way that we count votes).

In the British government, the lawmaking body is called Parliament, or the Houses of Parliament. It is made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, with the House of Commons directing most of the legislative action.

One of the primary advantages of a two-party system, as compared to a multi-party system, is that if there are only two parties competing for power, they must try to attract as much of the electorate as possible. This generally causes both parties to be extremely moderate in their political leanings. It is not possible to have a coalition government in a two-party system. In a coalition government, which occurs often in parliamentary systems (such as those in the United Kingdom or Germany), no one party gains an absolute majority, so parties combine their votes together to form a coalition and more than one party rules. This has the advantage of allowing disparate and varied political opinions to work together.

One of the primary differences between a presidential democracy (like the governments of the United States and France) and a parliamentary democracy (like the governments of Germany and the United Kingdom) is that in a parliamentary democracy, the people do not directly elect the Prime Minister; instead, they vote for a representative of a political party in the legislature, and the majority party in the legislature chooses a Prime Minister. In modern times, it is generally known before the election of the legislative branch the person each party would choose for their leader, so the difference is nominal in terms of the amount of power held by the people.

Britain is governed by a parliamentary system. There is a legislative body, called the Houses of Parliament, where the leader of the majority party, or of the largest coalition, is Prime Minister. This is different to the American system where votes for the legislature and executive are not directly tied to one another.

"Rule by the few," an oligarchy is defined as a system of government in which a small group of people have complete control over all functions of government.