The Industrial Revolution began in England towards the end of the eighteenth century and eventually spread to Europe and the United States. It was the primary reason why England was able to dominate so effectively the economic stage during the nineteenth century.

Jonas Salk invented the world’s first polio vaccine in 1953. Prior to the invention of this vaccine polio had crippled and killed millions of people throughout human history.

The Industrial Revolution is generally considered to have begun in England and shortly thereafter in Northern and Western Europe towards the end of the eighteenth century. The pace of change dramatically accelerated in the nineteenth century. The Industrial Revolution was a period of massive economic and social upheaval in Europe and the United States. On the back of new technologies, in particular the creation of the factory system, a whole new labor system arose, and both the working and middle classes grew in number.

Bourgeoise is a French term, also widely used in the English language to refer to the Middle Class. It has its origins around the time of the Industrial Revolution, and it is often used in a demeaning fashion to suggest certain materialistic or superficial social values.

Although it is probably true that some people moved away from cities to escape the poverty of city life and that some became ill from toxic chemicals. and it is also true that a small minority of people grew immensely wealthy during the Industrial Revolution, none of these statements represents the experience of the majority of people. The majority of the English population was no longer needed on farmland and was migrating to urban centers in search of work. As the Industrial Revolution spread around the world this seems to be the experience everywhere: Industrial Revolution led to urbanization.

Population density refers to the number of people living in a certain area of land. A country with a high population density has a large number of people living in a relatively small amount of land. Although the populations of the U.S.A., China, and Brazil are all higher than the population of Bangladesh, the land area of Bangladesh is much smaller, so it has the highest population density.

The eighteenth century was a time of dramatic population growth in Europe, particularly Western Europe. Advances in agriculture and fewer plagues meant a much lower death rate. The population rose from just under 100 million in 1700 to roughly 180 million by 1800. This population growth was vital for providing the conditions necessary for the Industrial Revolution to take off in the nineteenth century.

The term, "diaspora," is used to describe a group of people, or a nation, who have been evicted from their homeland and forced to live among other societies. In recent history this has been used to describe the community of Jewish people who lived in various European societies throughout much of history.  

The Amazon rainforest, and the Amazon River, are both found in Brazil, which is a country in South America. Central America is not a continent..

A monotheistic religion is defined by the belief in only one God. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all monotheistic religions. As is Zoroastrianism, an ancient Iranian monotheistic religion and philosophy. Of these choices only Hinduism is polytheistic, having a large range and variety of Gods.