SAT Writing : Improving Paragraphs

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Writing

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Example Questions

Example Question #45 : Combining Sentences

1 Punk rock developed in the mid-1970s. 2 It was a musical movement that arose out of antiauthoritarian garage bands.3 It was characterized by fast-paced songs, sedimentary lyrics, and a raw loud sound. 4 And often its lyrics were also political. 5 Some of the most famous punk rock bands came from England and the United States and including the Clash, the Sex Pistols, and the Ramones.

6 Punk bands tending to convince a liberal, anti-establishment, sensibility,and they were proponents of individualism, freedom, and nonconformity.7 (Later in the 1990s “riot grrrl” bands like Bikini Kill and Sleater-Kinney used their punk music to draw attention on feminist concerns.)8 Now you can find, punk bands in cities all around the world.9 By the 1980s, the public was beginning to accept punk music, slowly becoming mainstream.

How should Sentences 1 and 2 be combined?

Possible Answers:

Punk rock developed in the mid-1970s, it was also a musical movement that arose out of antiauthoritarian garage bands.

Punk rock, which was a musical movement arising out of antiauthoritarian garage bands, developing in the mid-1970s.

Punk rock, a musical movement that arose out of antiauthoritarian garage bands, developed in the mid-1970s.

Punk rock developed in the mid-1970s; it was a musical movement that arose out of antiauthoritarian garage bands.

Punk rock developed in the mid-1970s, which was a musical movement that arose out of antiauthoritarian garage bands.

Correct answer:

Punk rock, a musical movement that arose out of antiauthoritarian garage bands, developed in the mid-1970s.

Explanation:

The least redundant option is to make Sentence 2 into a modifier/dependent clause for “Punk rock” in Sentence 1. A key aspect of the question when you are asked to combine two sentences is to find and select the least redundant (or otherwise wordy) sentence that still replicates the meaning of the original two sentences.

Example Question #46 : Combining Sentences

1 Punk rock developed in the mid-1970s. 2 It was a musical movement that arose out of antiauthoritarian garage bands.3 It was characterized by fast-paced songs, sedimentary lyrics, and a raw loud sound. 4 And often its lyrics were also political. 5 Some of the most famous punk rock bands came from England and the United States and including the Clash, the Sex Pistols, and the Ramones.

6 Punk bands tending to convince a liberal, anti-establishment, sensibility,and they were proponents of individualism, freedom, and nonconformity.7 (Later in the 1990s “riot grrrl” bands like Bikini Kill and Sleater-Kinney used their punk music to draw attention on feminist concerns.)8 Now you can find, punk bands in cities all around the world.9 By the 1980s, the public was beginning to accept punk music, slowly becoming mainstream. 

How should Sentences 3 and 4 be combined?

Possible Answers:

It was characterized by fast-paced songs, sedimentary lyrics, and a raw loud sound; often its lyrics were also political.

It was characterized by fast-paced songs, sedimentary lyrics, and a raw loud sound. And often its lyrics were also political. (no change)

It was characterized by fast-paced songs, sedimentary (and often political) lyrics, and a raw loud sound.

It was characterized by fast-paced songs, sedimentary lyrics, and a raw loud sound, often its lyrics being political.

It was characterized by fast-paced songs, sedimentary lyrics, a raw loud sound, and also political lyrics.

Correct answer:

It was characterized by fast-paced songs, sedimentary (and often political) lyrics, and a raw loud sound.

Explanation:

The most direct, concise combination involves changing Sentence 4 into a parenthetical element in Sentence 3. Note that the original sentence features a sentence fragment, and that the option including a semicolon makes inappropriate use of that punctuation.

Example Question #41 : Separating, Combining, Or Moving Sentences

1 Since its inception in the 19th century, photography has played various and complex roles. 2 Crude pinhole cameras first appeared in antiquity. 3 Silver salts, the colloidon process, and daguerreotypes were all developed during the 1800s as photography took form and it’s technology evolved.

4 By the 1900s, photography was often considered an equal of, or at least analgesic to, painting and other visual art forms. 5 In much the same way that portrait painters used to memorialize their subjects in gilded frames and oil paints, photography now serves to document people’s daily lives, experiences, and possessions, such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip. 6 For example, on social media sites.

7 Photography can capture such minuet, intimate details that some aboriginal peoples famously believed cameras could steal the subject’s soul. 8 Perhaps this is why paparazzi are so victimized by others in their profession: Their intrusiveness may reveal more about the subject than he or she would like. 9 Celebrity photographers including Annie Liebovitz, who often favors a black and white composition, who also works for a famous magazine, attempt to portray the essence of famous people through a single photographic portrait. 10 Photography serves to document war atrocities, famine, or other human rights issues. 11 For example, Nick Ut’s famous picture of Vietnamese children being burned by napalm helped turn American public opinion against the Vietnam War, while Dorothea Lange’s photographs of migrant workers during the Great Depression influenced public policy regarding the treatment of these workers. 12 In the end, photography can be journalistic or artistic, significant or intrusive or ephemeral.

What is the best way to combine Sentences 1 and 2?

Possible Answers:

With crude pinhole cameras first appearing in antiquity, photography has played various and complex roles since its popularization in the 19th century.

Since its popularization in the 19th century, photography was playing various and complex roles, including when crude pinhole cameras first appeared in antiquity.

Since its popularization in the 19th century, photography has played various and complex roles, although crude pinhole cameras first appeared in antiquity.

While crude pinhole cameras first appeared in antiquity, since its popularization in the 19th century, photography played various and complex roles.

Being popularized in the 19th century, photography has played various and complex roles since crude pinhole cameras first appearing in antiquity.

Correct answer:

With crude pinhole cameras first appearing in antiquity, photography has played various and complex roles since its popularization in the 19th century.

Explanation:

Logically, we can infer that the author is trying to say that photography began much earlier than the 19th century, but that it only really began to develop during the 19th century. The best way to preserve this idea while using correct punctuation and grammar is “With crude pinhole cameras first appearing in antiquity, photography has played various and complex roles since its popularization in the 19th century.”

Example Question #162 : Improving Paragraphs

1 Since its inception in the 19th century, photography has played various and complex roles. 2 Crude pinhole cameras first appeared in antiquity. 3 Silver salts, the colloidon process, and daguerreotypes were all developed during the 1800s as photography took form and it’s technology evolved.

4 By the 1900s, photography was often considered an equal of, or at least analgesic to, painting and other visual art forms. 5 In much the same way that portrait painters used to memorialize their subjects in gilded frames and oil paints, photography now serves to document people’s daily lives, experiences, and possessions, such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip. 6 For example, on social media sites.

7 Photography can capture such minuet, intimate details that some aboriginal peoples famously believed cameras could steal the subject’s soul. 8 Perhaps this is why paparazzi are so victimized by others in their profession: Their intrusiveness may reveal more about the subject than he or she would like. 9 Celebrity photographers including Annie Liebovitz, who often favors a black and white composition, who also works for a famous magazine, attempt to portray the essence of famous people through a single photographic portrait. 10 Photography serves to document war atrocities, famine, or other human rights issues. 11 For example, Nick Ut’s famous picture of Vietnamese children being burned by napalm helped turn American public opinion against the Vietnam War, while Dorothea Lange’s photographs of migrant workers during the Great Depression influenced public policy regarding the treatment of these workers. 12 In the end, photography can be journalistic or artistic, significant or intrusive or ephemeral.

What is the best way to combine Sentences 5 and 6?

Possible Answers:

In much the same way that portrait painters used to memorialize their subjects in gilded frames and oil paints, photography now serves to document people’s daily lives, experiences, and possessions (for example, on social media sites), such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip.

In much the same way that portrait painters used to memorialize their subjects in gilded frames and oil paints, photography now serves to document people’s daily lives, experiences, and possessions, such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip; for example, on social media sites.

In much the same way that portrait painters used to memorialize their subjects in gilded frames and oil paints, such as on social media sites, photography now serves to document people’s daily lives, posessions, and experiences, such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip.

In much the same way that portrait painters used to memorialize their subjects in gilded frames and oil paints, photography now serves to document people’s daily lives, experiences, and possessions, such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip. For example, on social media sites. (no change)

In much the same way that portrait painters used to memorialize their subjects in gilded frames and oil paints, photography now serves to document people’s daily lives, possessions, and experiences – such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip – on social media sites.

Correct answer:

In much the same way that portrait painters used to memorialize their subjects in gilded frames and oil paints, photography now serves to document people’s daily lives, possessions, and experiences – such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip – on social media sites.

Explanation:

The best choice to write this admittedly long sentence is to use em dashes to set off one of the dependent clauses (“such as what someone has eaten for dinner or seen on a road trip”) from the rest of the sentence. Commas would also be grammatically acceptable, but em dashes make the sentence much easier to follow for the reader. All the other choices combine the sentences in an awkward or ungrammatical way. 

Example Question #41 : Combining Sentences

Are you trying to stick to a budget? Using coupons for purchases, also known as “couponing” is a great way to save money on groceries. Coupons are a little piece of paper that can give you a discount on what you buy. You will be amazed at the great bargains and amazing savings you can get!

It’s easy to get started. When you open up your daily newspaper, one might find a glossy insert full of coupons. Some of the coupons will be for things you don’t buy, some will be for things you buy all the time. Go through the coupons and chop out the ones you can use.

The key to successful couponing is getting multiple copies of coupon circulars. Ask your friends, your neighbors, and family if they have any extras. Some coupon users even go through the recycling at their office to find more coupons! Have you ever heard of such a thing in your life! Completely devoted, these circulars help coupon users to get even more savings.

Couponing might sound like hard work, but for many people, it’s also a hobby. Not only does it help them save hundreds of dollars per year, but also it gives them a fun challenge every time they do their shopping. 

How can the underlined two sentences best be combined?

Possible Answers:

Coupons are a little piece of paper that can give you a discount on what you buy, you will be amazed at the great bargains and amazing savings you can get!

Coupons are a little piece of paper that can give you a discount on what you buy; you will be amazed at the great bargains and amazing savings you can get!

Coupons are a little piece of paper that can give you a discount on what you buy: You will be amazed at the great bargains and amazing savings you can get!

There is no grammatically correct way to combine these sentences as they are written

Coupons are a little piece of paper that can give you a discount on what you buy; and you will be amazed at the great bargains and amazing savings you can get!

Correct answer:

Coupons are a little piece of paper that can give you a discount on what you buy; you will be amazed at the great bargains and amazing savings you can get!

Explanation:

These two sentences are correctly formed independent clauses. The only correct sentence combination provided uses a semicolon, in place of a period, to connect the two clauses. No other punctuation is required. A comma paired with a coordinating conjunction would also correctly combine these sentences.

Example Question #50 : Analyzing, Combining, And Moving Content

You may not know Gerard Manley Hopkins was a famous English poet. Hopkins led a complicated life as a Jesuit priest, converting to Roman Catholicism in 1866. Born in 1844 the poet was excellent at sketching from an early age and attended the University of Oxford from 1863 to 1867, where he met poets Christina Rossetti, Robert Bridges, and others. According to his personal diaries, Hopkins frequently struggled to repress homoerotic urges, adopting an ascetic lifestyle, many believing that this contributed to his writing. His work itself is characterized by an escarpmentof conventional poetic meter, the use of sprung rhythm, frequent vivid imagery, and a careful and creative use of language. Sprung rhythm is a particular poetic rhythm that is intended to mimic natural speech and is distinguished by its irregular patterns although it is distinct from free verse.

Hopkins died when he was only in his forties, but his contributions to poetry – particularly his experimentation and his use of sprung rhythm – continue to obscure today.

How should the first two sentences of this passage be combined?

Possible Answers:

Biographies exist in various specialized forms, one such form being a hagiography, or a saint or other church leader.

Biographies exist in various specialized forms, and a hagiography is a biography discussing a saint or other church leader.

Biographies exist in various specialized forms, including a biography of a saint or other church leader.

Biographies, or hagiographies, exist in various specialized forms, including that of a saint or other church leader.

Biographies exist in various specialized forms, and one such form is a hagiography, which discusses a saint or other church leader.

Correct answer:

Biographies exist in various specialized forms, and one such form is a hagiography, which discusses a saint or other church leader.

Explanation:

A bit of rewriting is necessary to avoid redundancy and grammatical errors. Since hagiography is identified as a form of biography, making "biographies" the main subject of the first clause, and discussing hagiographies in a separate but connected second clause makes the most logical and grammtical sense.

Example Question #1 : Improving Paragraphs

     (1) The sport of lacrosse, while perhaps not as widely popular today in the United States as baseball or football, is far older. (2) These games served many important cultural functions. (3) They were used to settle disputes between tribes, as festival events, and to train young men to become warriors and hunters.

     (4) Hundreds of men and women from rival tribes or villages would gather to play at once. (5) The playing field was sometimes several miles long. (6) The original game was very different from the organized sport played today. (7) A single game would be played from dawn until sunset, and be followed by dancing and feasting.

     (8) Modern, standardized versions of lacrosse started to be played in the 1850s and soon became very popular throughout Canada and the United States. (9) For over a century, it has been one of the most widely played sports in high schools in both nations.

In context, where is the best place to put Sentence 6?

Possible Answers:

After Sentence 1

After Sentence 8

Where it is now

Before Sentence 4

Before Sentence 3

Correct answer:

Before Sentence 4

Explanation:

This sentence would be best used to begin the second paragraph, as it introduces the topic of differences between the modern game and the first versions of it, and this topic is is elaborated on in Sentences 4, 5, and 7.

Example Question #1 : Moving Sentences

[1] Modern ice hockey was developed in Canada during the nineteenth century. [2] Two students from McGill University came up with the first rules. [3] A couple of years later, the sport made its way to the United States. [4] The game became a part of the Olympics in 1924.

[5] I first learned about hockey during the sixth grade. [6] When I watched my first game on the television. [7] After that first game, I begged my parents to let me play. [8] They agreed, and I started playing on my first team later that year.

[9] For the first year, I was not very good. [10] I could barely skate! [11] However, after years of practicing, I finally made it on to my high school varsity team. [12] Ice hockey was first played in the United States by universities. [13] Now, as I start applying to colleges, I hope to be able to play for my college. [14] I want to continue playing to achieve my dream of playing for the United States Olympic ice hockey team.

In context, where is the best place to put sentence 12?

Possible Answers:

After sentence 3

Where it is now

Before sentence 1

After sentence 4

After sentence 5

Correct answer:

After sentence 3

Explanation:

Sentence 12 deals with the history of ice hockey once more. Thus, the sentence should logically be placed in the first paragraph, which talks about the history of ice hockey. Because sentence 12 gives more detail about the introduction of ice hockey to the United States, it should logically be placed after sentence 3.

Example Question #2 : Moving Sentences

[1] Voltaire was an eighteenth-century's French Enlightenment philosopher. [2] According to Voltaire, an enlightened person is a rational individual who thinks independently, tolerates others, rejects superstition, and embraces science and reason. [3] Voltaire was a strong monarchist who rejected democracy and wanted a ruler who used his or her power to allow free intellectual activity. [4] Many enlightenment philosophers gave their own definitions of what an enlightened person was and did.

[5] Voltaire very much admired the English monarchy, leading him to publish Letters on the English, and he wanted the French monarchy to closely resemble the enlightened English monarchy. [6] He did not think that democracy was a plausible form of government because he simply did not have enough trust in the common people and believed that an enlightened despot would be a safer option. [7] Ironically, just as Luther’s ideas were twisted and exaggerated to inspire peasant revolts, some of Voltaire’s anti-democratic ideas ended up inspiring the French and American Revolutions.

In context, where is the best place to put Sentence 4? 

Possible Answers:

After Sentence 5

Before Sentence 2

After Sentence 2

Before Sentence 6

Where it is now

Correct answer:

Before Sentence 2

Explanation:

The best place for Sentence 4 is before Sentence 2 because it provides a transition between the basic biographical information about Voltaire and his specific definition of an enlightened person.

Example Question #161 : Improving Paragraphs

1 Although vegetarianism is sometimes considered a recent phenomenon, the practice actually has roots in both ancient India and ancient Greece. 2 In Greece, being vegetarian was a way to abstain from eating ‘beings with souls,’ and vegetarianism was primarily practiced by small religious sects or certain philosophical thinkers. 3 Ancient Indian vegetarianism may have been more widespread, as it was mandatory for many Hindus, Jains, and Buddhists. 4 Buddhist scholars argue whether Gautama Buddha ever ate meat. 5 Obviously, vegetarianism is a constantly evolution practice that has changed considerably over the past several thousand years.

6 During the Middle Ages, vegetarianism remained largely outside the cultural milieu in Europe. 7 Certain aseptic religious sects may have avoided eating meat, but the practice didn’t truly gain ground in Western Europe until the Age of Enlightenment. 8 During and before that time, many people still argued that animals existed only for the benefit of humankind. 9 They were opposed by other people who thought that that was an anthropocentric viewpoint.

10 Over time, vegetarianism gradually gained diction with influential thinkers and by the twentieth century, organizations such as the International Vegetarian Union, the North American Vegetarian Society, and the Animal Aid were appearing. 11 What new form will vegetarianism take in the future?

Where should Sentence 5 be moved in this passage?

Possible Answers:

After Sentence 7

After Sentence 9

After Sentence 11

After Sentence 8

After Sentence 10

Correct answer:

After Sentence 10

Explanation:

Sentence 5 sums up the entire passage’s content, so it belongs near the end of the text. It would fit best after Sentence 10, which describes the most recent changes in vegetarianism’s development, and before Sentence 11, which looks ahead to the future and poses a rhetorical questions for the reader.

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