The elbow is a hinge joint, as it is only about to move in one plane of motion. The thumb is a saddle joint as it can move in multiple directions. The bones of the wrist are gliding joints as they are two flat surfaces moving over each other. Lastly, the shoulder is an example of ball and socket as it has a very wide range of motion.

The sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints link two bones of the pectoral girdle to each other and to the trunk of the body. They also combine their movements to increase reach length of the upper limb. They are both synovial joints and surrounded by a joint capsule with numerous ligaments to reinforce their movements. The glenohumeral joint serves in articulation of the humerus and scapula. The Sternohumeral joint does not exist.

Radial head articulates with the radial notch. The head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch. The trochlear notch articulates with trochlea of the humerus. The radial tuberosity is the attachment site for the long head of the biceps. 

The zona orbicularis is a portion of the joint capsule of the acetabulofemoral (hip) joint. It is thought to resist distraction (pulling out) of the femur. Additionally, it is believed to help circulate synovial fluid in the joint. As you may recall, synovial fluid helps lubricate joints and provides nutrition to their articular cartilage.

The shoulder, similar to the hip is formed by a ball-and-socket joint. The ball is created by the head of the humerus, while the socket is created by the glenoid cavity. This creates a smaller, less stable version of the ball-and-socket joint in the hip

The rectus femoris, specifically the reflected head, attaches to the anterosuperior portion of the hip capsule. The gluteus minimus attaches to the superolateral portion of the capsule. Although its contribution to the capsule is relatively small, the obturator externus attaches to the posteroinferior joint capsule. Despite contributing to dynamic hip stability by eccentrically controlling hip internal rotation, the piriformis does not attach to the hip's joint capsule.

The median nerve enters the hand through the carpal tunnel with the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis, felxor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicus longus. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve becomes compressed within the carpal tunnel. Compression of the nerve results in tingling and numbness in the fingers.

Tendons always connect muscles to bones, and ligaments always connect bones to bones. Reticular tissues are connective tissue that are found around the liver, kidneys, and other organs. Aponeuroses are connective tissue that primarily binds muscle to muscle.

The fascia lata of the thigh thickens laterally to form the iliotibial (IT) band. The crurial fascia of the leg is found below the knee. The anterior and posterior rectus sheaths are found in the abdominal region. The popliteal fascia is found on the posterior side of the knee. 

The glenohumeral ligaments are not found in the knee. The superior, inferior, and medial glenohumeral ligaments are found in the shoulder and play a role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint, which connects the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral meniscus are all structures found in the knee.