First, find all of the factors of each number. Factors are the numbers that, like 16 and 24, can evenly be divided. The factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16. The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24.

Now, to find the greatest common factor, we find the largest number that is on both lists. This number is 8.

The greatest common factor is the greatest factor that divides both numbers. To find the greatest common factor, first list the prime factors of each number.

18 = 2 * 3 * 3

24 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3

18 and 24 share one 2 and one 3 in common.  We multiply them to get the GCF, so 2 * 3 = 6 is the GCF of 18 and 24.

To make things easier, note 6930 is divisible by 30:

6930 = 231 * 30 = 3 * 77 * 3 * 2 * 5 = 3 * 7 * 11 * 3 * 2 * 5 = 2 * 3² * 5 * 7 * 11

288 = 2 * 144 = 2 * 12 * 12 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 2 * 2 * 3 = 2⁵ * 3²

Consider each of these "next to each other":

2⁵ * 3²

2  * 3² * 5 * 7 * 11

Each shares factors of 2 and 3.  In the case of 2, they share 1 factor.  In the case of 3, they share 2 factors.  Therefore, their greatest common factor is: 2 * 3² = 2 * 9 = 18

a prime number is divisible by itself and 1 only

list the factors of each number:

6: 1,2,3,6

9: 1,3,9

71: 1,71

51: 1, 3,17,51

15: 1,3,5,15

Pick a prime number to see that 3x is not always even, for example 3 * 3 = 9.

But 2 is a prime number as well, so 3 * 2 = 6 which is even, so we can't say that 3x is either even or odd.

Neither 9 nor 6 in our above example is prime, so 3x is not a prime number.

Lastly, 9 is not divisible by 4, so 3x is not always divisible by 4.

Therefore the answer is "Cannot be determined".

For starters, 1 is not a prime number, so eliminate the answer choices with 1 in them. Even if you have no idea what twin primes are, at least you've narrowed down the possibilities. 

Twin primes are consecutive prime numbers with one even number in between them. 3 and 5 is the only set of twin primes listed. 2 and 3 are not separated by any numbers, and 13 and 19 are not consecutive primes, nor are they separated by one even number only. You should do your best to remember definitions and formulas such as this one, because these questions are considered "free" points on the test. There is no real math involved, just something to remember! Being able to answer a question like this quickly will give you more time for the computationally advanced problems.

Let's go through the five statements. 

The sum of two primes is always even: This is only true of the odd primes. 2 is also a prime number, however, and 2 plus an odd number is odd.

Every positive prime has a corresponding negative prime: This is also false. There are no negative primes. A prime number is defined as a number greater than 1 that is divisible by only 1 and itself.

There are only two primes that are consecutive positive integers on the number line: This is true and therefore the correct answer. 2 and 3 are the only primes that are consecutive. Because 2 is the only even prime, all other primes must have at least one number in between them (since every two odd numbers are separated by an even).

Multiplying two primes will always produce an odd number: This is also only true of odd primes. 2 * odd prime = even.

The distribution of primes is random: False. The primes are logarithmically distributed.

Quantity A: The smallest prime number is 2. We also need the least common multiple of 5 and 10, which is 10.

So Quantity A = 2 * 3 / 10 = 3/5

Quantity B: The smallest odd prime is 3. The second smallest odd prime is 5.

So Quantity B = 3 * 2 / 5 = 6/5

Quantity B is greater.

As we go up on the number line, the number of primes decreases almost exponentially. Therefore there are far more prime numbers between 0 and 100 than there are between 101 and 200. This is a general number theory point that is important to know, but trying to come up with some primes in these two groups will also quickly demonstrate this principle. 

The prime factorization of 330 is .

The sum of the prime factors is .

23 is the only answer choice greater than 21.