Confucius was a Chinese philosopher concerned mainly with social structure and not science, so he would not be the best answer here. DaVinci was a great inventor and painter but he did not do much work with astronomy, so he is not a good answer. Newton worked on physics and not astronomy, so he would not be the best choice for this question. Plato was a philosopher and did not work in the sciences as we understand them, so he too would not be a good answer. Lastly, Copernicus famously proposed and was persecuted for the heliocentric model, so he would be the best answer here.

Lord Kelvin helped formulate the first and second laws of thermodynamics and correctly calculated the value of absolute zero, so he would be the best answer. Isaac Newton did his most famous work in classical mechanics and did not work with thermodynamics, so he would not be the best choice. Anders Celsius proposed the temperature scale that bears his name but he did not perform the contributions in question, so he would not be the best answer. Finally, Alan Turing is considered the father of computer science, but he did not work in thermodynamics, so he would not be the correct answer here.

Isaac Newton lived far before WWII, so he would not be a good answer for this question. Bertrand Russel was a prominent mathematician, but he did not work in computer science, so he would not be the correct answer here. Stephen Hawking was a brilliant physicist and mathematician, but he did not work in computer science, so he would not be the best choice. Alonzo Church also did important work in early computer science, however he was not a codebreaker, so he would not be the best answer. Finally, Alan Turing was a codebreaker, world-class mathematician, and he is considered one of the founders of modern computer science, so he would be the best answer.

Louis Pasteur discovered the process - which we named pasteurization after him - so that would be the best answer. Jonas Salk created the Polio vaccine, so he would not be a good answer here. Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine, so he would not be the best choice. Isaac Newton worked in physics and not the life sciences, so he would not be a good answer. Lastly, Charles Darwin discovered the process of evolution by natural selection, so he would also not be a good answer to the question.

Richard Feynman was a famous physicist but he did not do his most important work in quantum theory nor did he create the thought experiment, so he would not be the best choice. Isaac Newton lived far before the formulation of quantum mechanics, so he would not be a good answer. Albert Einstein was a famous critic of quantum mechanics and he did not work in the field, so he would not be the best answer here. Stephen Hawking was a physicist but he did his most famous work in cosmology and he did not develop the thought experiment in question, so he would not be a correct answer here. Lastly, Erwin Schrodinger did some of the fundamental work in quantum mechanics, and his thought experiment about the cat bears his name, so he would be the best answer here.

Erwin Schrodinger was a famous proponent of quantum mechanics, so he would not be the best answer here. Stephen Hawking was not a skeptic about quantum mechanics and he did not develop relativity, so he would not be the best answer. Isaac Newton lived far before the advent of quantum theory, so he too would not be a good choice for this question. Lastly, Albert Einstein developed general and special relativity and he was an outspoken critic of quantum mechanics, so he would be the best answer here.

Alan Turing was a mathematician and the founder of computer science but he was not a painter, so he would not be the best choice. Similarly, Isaac Newton was a scientist but he did not create the illustration in question, so he would not be the correct answer. Plato and Aristotle were philosophers and not inventors, and they did not create the Vitruvian Man, so they would not be the best choices here. Lastly, DaVinci was an inventor and he did create the illustration in question, so he could be the correct answer.

Jonas Salk developed the polio vaccine in the 20th century, so he would not be the best choice here. Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA and did not work in vaccines, so they would not be a good choice. Albert Einstein was a physicist and did not work in the life sciences, so he would not be the best answer here. Rene Descartes was a philosopher and lived in the 16th century, so he would not be a good candidate. Finally, Edward Jenner did in fact introduce the smallpox vaccine in 1796, so he would be the best answer.

Alternate current was patented by Nikola Tesla, who was a former employee of Thomas Edison, the inventor of Direct current.

Relativism, as a philosophy, has been in existence for many centuries, but only became widely understood and referenced by that name in the nineteenth century. According to relativism, truth is not absolute; rather, it is subjective and informed by the perception of the individual and the circumstances in which the information is perceived.