AP US Government : Public Policy

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP US Government

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Iron Triangle

What is a possible benefit of the Military-Industrial Complex?

Possible Answers:

Decreased reliance on private funding for government projects

A second opinion on war strategy

Improved relations with other countries

A more efficient chain of command

Improved economic growth during times of war

Correct answer:

Improved economic growth during times of war

Explanation:

The economic stimulus of having the private sector produce tools of war is well documented. Many economists and historians believe that World War II is the real reason the Great Depression ever ended (instead of FDR's New Deal). None of the other options are considered a benefit of this system (in fact, most of them are drawbacks of the system).

Example Question #1 : Iron Triangle

Which of the following is a modern day example of the Military-Industrial Complex?

Possible Answers:

The US has had the most military success of any country in history

None of these answers are correct

The US has the most efficient economy in the world

The US accounts for almost half of the world's total military spending 

The US has the most advanced nuclear arsenal in the world

Correct answer:

The US accounts for almost half of the world's total military spending 

Explanation:

The US has what many consider a ridiculously disproportionate military budget, which is at least partially a result of powerful defense group lobbying. Such spending has increased radically, since World War II, widely considered the beginning of the Military-Industrial Complex era.

Example Question #8 : Iron Triangle

The "golden parachute" refers to what?

Possible Answers:

A backup measure placed in legislation in the event a project runs out of funding

None of these answers are correct

Depositing remaining campaign funds into one's personal account during a withdrawal from the race

None of these answers is accurate.

Demoting a revealed-as-corrupt politician to a cushy, less-public position instead of actually punishing he or she

Correct answer:

None of these answers are correct

Explanation:

While many of these answers sound plausible, the golden parachute generally refers to when a politician involved in an Iron Triangle is promised a well-paying job after his or her stay in government in exchange for political favors. This sometimes also works the other way, with government positions being awarded to generous lobbyists. The idea is that someone can "jump" from the public sector to the private and "settle" comfortably in financial terms.

Example Question #1 : Iron Triangle

What could average citizens do to most effectively diminish the integrity of an Iron Triangle?

Possible Answers:

None of these answers is correct.

Elect Congressmen with a convincing history of avoiding corruption and private influence

Petition the President to dismiss any executive officials that demonstrate signs of corruption

Organize protests against specific corporations

Write letters to Congressmen requesting they stay away from interest groups

Correct answer:

Elect Congressmen with a convincing history of avoiding corruption and private influence

Explanation:

While the other options may have some effect, they're either unlikely to be effective or won't dismantle the entire Iron Triangle. Only electing politicians that will reject the influence of special interest groups may be a difficult task, but it would be most effective at reducing the power of an Iron Triangle. The principle here, is that the Iron Triangle is quite strong against external influences, and must change from the inside.

Example Question #1 : Iron Triangle

The mutual cooperation between bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to expand power and forward interests is generally known as what?

Possible Answers:

The Congressional Compromise

The 3-Branch Dilemma

The Iron Triangle

The Military Industrial Complex

None of the other answers are correct

Correct answer:

The Iron Triangle

Explanation:

The Iron Triangle is used to describe the conspiratorial relationship between bureaucracies, congressional committees, and interest groups. These three points on the triangle often cooperate to further their own financial gains and interests. The Iron Triangle is often used negatively to describe actions that benefit these groups personally but don't benefit the general public (such as lowering regulations for interest groups and to save money for Congressmen). While the Military-Industrial Complex is often considered an example of an Iron Triangle, Iron Triangle is the best choice here.

Example Question #11 : Iron Triangle

Iron Triangles can be considered an example of __________.

Possible Answers:

Federalism

PACs

Soft Power

Issue Networks

None of these answers are correct

Correct answer:

Issue Networks

Explanation:

Issue Networks are collections of people and groups that influence the government for a single issue, often compensating Congress and government agencies with donations or electoral support. Soft Power refers to the use of economic and other non-violent means of influence. Federalism refers to a system that is divided by a federal (national) government and regional (for instance, state) governments, like the US government. PAC is an acronym of Political Action Committee (special interest groups).

Example Question #32 : Public Policy

A Unitary State is best defined as __________.

Possible Answers:

a state centrally governed by the Federal government, in which the states and districts have only those powers delegated them by the Federal government

a state in which partisan politics are put aside for the common good of the nation

a state in which power is shared equally between the central Federal government and the states and districts

a state that is governed by one dominant political party, through which the majority exercises complete dominance over the political arena

a state that is heavily divided between sectarian and bipartisan politics

Correct answer:

a state centrally governed by the Federal government, in which the states and districts have only those powers delegated them by the Federal government

Explanation:

A Unitary State, in contrast with a Federalist or Confederal state, is a state that is dominated exclusively by the central Federal government. Many of the modern European powers are Unitary States, but the United States of America is a Federal state, where powers are shared between the central government and the states.

Example Question #1 : Relationship With Federalism

Which of these statements about categorical grants is true?

Possible Answers:

They can be used for broad and non-specific purposes.

They are established solely to encourage the increased availability of education.

They are prescribed for a fixed and narrow purpose.

They were made illegal under the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

They were first issued under the New Deal program of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Correct answer:

They are prescribed for a fixed and narrow purpose.

Explanation:

Categorical grants issued by the United States government are issued with a fixed and narrow purpose in mind. The money is given to local or state governments under the assurance that it will be used for a specific purpose decided at the Federal level, often education. They differ from block grants, which offer the local or state government a much broader scope for the use of the money.

Example Question #1 : Relationship With Interest Groups And Parties

The term "Military-Industrial Complex" was coined by which president during his farewell address?

Possible Answers:

Richard Nixon

John F. Kennedy

Jimmy Carter

Dwight D. Eisenhower

George Washington

Correct answer:

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Explanation:

Dwight D. Eisenhower warned against the dangers of the military-industrial complex in his farewell speech given on January 17, 1961. Eisenhower's critique of the military-industrial is considered particularly resonant, and informed, since he was, prior to his political career, a five-star general and the supreme commander of the Allied forces during the invasion of Nazi Europe.

Example Question #1 : Foreign Relations

Isolationism is __________

Possible Answers:

The name given to the anti-Catholic fever that gripped American social and political life in the first half of the Twentieth Century.

a situation where the President is up against Legislative and Judicial Branches are controlled by the opposition party.

When a President voted out of office, but still has a few months before he is replaced by the newly elected President.

A policy, dominant in the Twentieth Century, where the United States tries to act as an arbiter in foreign conflicts.

a government policy that argues that the United States should not get involved in foreign conflicts.

Correct answer:

a government policy that argues that the United States should not get involved in foreign conflicts.

Explanation:

Isolationism was a foreign policy that was dominant in the American political arena throughout the majority of the nineteenth century. It argues that the United States will not get involved in foreign conflicts and will try to remain isolated on the international stage.

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