The “line-item” veto was an attempt by a newly-Republican Congress to help bring federal spending under control in the mid-nineties. Essentially, Congress cobbled together a bill that would allow the President to strike individual portions of bills (generally budget measures), but sign the rest of the bill into law. One of the portions that Clinton removed, after being vested with this power, affected some “pork” that Congress secured for New York.

New York sued, hence the case. The Supreme Court held that this ability of the president violated the Presentment Clause of the Constitution; the President was not technically signing into law a bill that was passed by Congress.

Gerald Ford was a Congressman from Michigan and the House Minority Leader when he was appointed by President Nixon to replace Spiro Agnew as Vice President in 1973, after Agnew resigned. Nixon then resigned in 1974, elevating Ford to the office of President. This was the first time that something of this nature had happened and helped set a precedent for what happens it something prevents both the president and vice president from fulfilling their terms.

The constitution stipulates that the Senate must approve all treaties negotiated by the President. Granting of pardons, vetoing bills, and receiving foreign emissaries are solely the powers of the President.

The constitution lays out the powers and responsibilities of the office of the Vice-President. One of those is to cast the tie-breaking vote in case of a tie within the Senate.

In case the president commits crimes or fails in their duty as President, the constitution lays out the procedure to have the president removed from office. Trial in the House and then formal impeachment can be conducted by the Senate.

Part of the checks and balances, Congress has to power to override a presidential veto with a  majority vote in both Houses. This ensures that the President is checked in their authority.

If the Vice President must take over for the President in the case of death, the two-term limit does not apply to those years that they serve as President. Therefore, if the former Vice President ran and won the next two election cycles, they could legally serve more than 8 years.

This should have been a relatively simple question. The correct answer is a treaty. Note how the definition in the question includes a key fact: the “agreement” must be ratified by 2/3 of the Senate. Any time you see language to that effect, you should immediately think “treaty.”

This should have been a fairly simple question, except for one hiccup. One of the answers, “executive order,” might have caught some of you unawares—there is a vast difference in between an executive order and an executive agreement. Executive orders are beyond the scope of this question (although they’re covered in another). Executive agreement is the correct answer, as it clearly could not have been a treaty (the question specifically notes that NO ratification was required), and “congressional delegation” has no bearing on this whatsoever.

This is a relatively difficult question. The correct answer is “executive order.” An executive order is an order from the president directing a federal agency to take some form of action (or, alternatively, refrain from taking action). It has the force of law—because it is, in a sense, implementing law.