Erik Erikson, a psychoanalyst and developmental psychologist, developed the "Erikson life-stage virtue" with his wife Joan. In his theory of psychosocial development, we first build hope (age 0-2), then will (1-3), purpose (3-6), competence (6-11 or primary school age), fidelity (12-18 or secondary school age), love (18-25 or adulthood), care (26-64 or adulthood), wisdom (65+) and the ninth stage developed by his wife in her 90s which theorizes that as we grow old, we go through each stage again concurrently. The other choices are incorrect. Abraham Maslow was a humanist who created Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Sigmund Freud was the father of psychoanalysis; he wrote extensively and fathered several theories such as his psychosexual development theory, the id, ego and superego, and theories of the unconscious. Last, Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist who created the theory of cognitive development; he is considered to be the most influential developmental psychologist.

A colleague of Freud, Alfred Adler left the school of psychoanalysis and emigrated to America. His individual psychology does not focus on the patient as an individual, as the name suggests, but views the patient as an indivisible whole, including their relationships and their environment which were previously ignored in psychoanalysis. The other choices are incorrect. Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist who created the theory of cognitive development; he is considered to be the most influential developmental psychologist. Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test, consisting of 30 tasks. Carl Jung founded analytical psychology and coined several phrases such as archetype, collective unconscious, and introversion and extroversion. Last, Josef Breuer was mentor to Sigmund Freud; he developed talking therapy with patient Anna O.

Jean Piaget's influence on the scientific world certainly did not stop at the bounds of psychology. An epistemologist by trade, he developed "Piaget's theory of cognitive development" which outlined the four stages of a child's information processing or thought. The other choices are incorrect. Sigmund Freud was the father of psychoanalysis; he wrote extensively and fathered several theories such as his psychosexual development theory, the id, ego and superego, and theories of the unconscious. Erik Erikson was a developmental psychologist who created the life-stage virtue and coined the term “identity crisis.” Last, Alfred Adler was an early psychologist who created the individual approach to psychoanalysis, positing that each patient should be viewed holistically. 

Mary Ainsworth is most well known for her development of the Strange Situation design which was designed to study emotional attachment in early stages of childhood, resulting in the attachment theory. The other choices are incorrect. Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist who created the theory of cognitive development; he is considered to be the most influential developmental psychologist. Harry Harlow is best known for studying maternal separation, dependency, and social isolation using rhesus monkeys. Last, John Bowlby developed the attachment theory of maternal deprivation. 

Considered one of the most influential psychologists, second only to Freud, Albert Ellis developed REBT in 1955 in order to help clients resolve emotional and behavioral problems and move towards happier, healthier mental states. Ellis's work set the foundation for the development of other cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) and changed the practice of clinical psychology. The other choices are incorrect. Carl Jung founded analytical psychology and coined several phrases such as archetype, collective unconscious, and introversion and extroversion. Abraham Maslow was a humanist who created Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Last, Carl Rogers designed the person-centered strategy to psychotherapy. 

Martin Seligman developed the theory of learned helplessness. He is a positive psychologist who promotes mental well-being through the creation of self-help programs and lectures. The other choices were incorrect. Daniel Kahneman is an economic psychologist who researches judgment and decision making in behavioral economics. Albert Bandura is most well known for his Bobo doll experiment with young children; he developed the theory of social learning. Last, Philip Zimbardo is most well known for his Stanford prison experiment. 

Locke, a staunch Empiricist, believed that we can only acquire knowledge from observation and experience; in fact, he argued that we are born without any knowledge at all. Thus, he considered the human mind at birth a tabula rasa, or "blank slate".

Albert Bandura is the creator of the social learning theory. This theory states that people can learn simply by observing others in a social context. His most famous social learning experiment was the Bobo Doll experiment.

"Tabula rasa" is Latin for "empty slate." John Locke proposed that the mind was an initially empty slate that could be filled with the empirical observations one makes about the world. This contradicts many things we now know about the brain, namely the conventions of innate capacities such as the abilities to acquire language, learn motor skills, process stimuli, etc. Locke claimed we are born with no prior knowledge.

Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who came up with a hierarchy of needs to describe basic human functioning.

Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, was more focused on unconscious drives and the motives of human behavior.