The genetic material of a cell is replicated during the S stage of interphase. The proper DNA replication is crucial to produce two identical daughter cells and to prevent genetic irregularities and disease. Any mistakes in DNA replication are fixed during the S stage as well. The S stage takes place between the G₁ and G₂ stages of interphase.

Cell division has two phases, nuclear division and division of the cytoplasm. The nuclear division, also known as karyokinesis, involves division of genetic material, involving the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cytokensis begins during late anaphase and is the phase during which the cytoplasm divides.

During interphase, the cell is not dividing because the chromatin is enclosed within a nuclear envelope. Mitosis and meiosis are the phases in the cell cycle during which the cell is dividing. Last cellular and cytoplasmic division takes place during telophase and cytokinesis, respectively.

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Mitosis, also known as karyokinesis, is the division of the nucleus. Note that cytokinesis follows mitosis, and begins during late anaphase.

Mitosis is the shortest part of the cell cycle. The cell spends most of its time growing in interphase which includes G1, S, and G2 phases. G0 phase involves cells that either very rarely divide, or do not divide at all. An example of a cell type in G0 phase is a neuron.

Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases. It is during interphase that the cell grows by making proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. During S phase, the DNA is replicated, yielding sister chromatids. G2 involves the last bit of growth, and also, DNA proofreading and repair. 

Interphase consists of the G1 phase, the S phase, and the G2 phase. Only during the S phase (Synthesis) are the chromosomes (DNA) replicated.

The two major checkpoints that control the cell cell are the transition between G1/S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. The G1/S checkpoint will monitor DNA damage prior to the cell entering the S phase for replication. Following replication during S phase, the G2/M checkpoint ensures DNA replication happened correctly. At both these checkpoints, the cell will slow down until any problems detected by the checkpoints are resolved so that the cell does not replicate defective cells. Without these checkpoints, mutations and disease processes such as cancer can occur and these diseased cells may replicate freely. There is also another checkpoint in the M phase that will ensure that the spindle fibers are correctly formed and the chromosomes are correctly aligned along the metaphase plate in order for anaphase to follow normally.

Cyclin controls the progression since cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK's) are inactive unless bound to cyclins, this is what controls the cell cycle progression. The cyclin levels in the cell will control the activity of CDK's. If they are bound, the CDK's are then phosphorylated by distinct kinases, which leads to their activation and subsequent downstream effects. Cyclins do not directly remove a phosphate from ATP to ADP. They also do not directly phosphorylate anything in the answer choices, they specially bind the CDK and that process regulates if the cell cycle is up or down regulated in the cell.

Cell lysis is not regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Cyclin concentration, CDK phosphorylation/unphosphorylation, and subcellular localization all influence a cell's progress through the cell cycle. The main control of the cell cycle speed and regulation is cyclin concentration, which is responsible for regulating CDK activity. CDK is inactive if cyclin concentration is low, and is active if cyclin concentration is high. Also, CDK control phosphorylation/unphosphorylation depending on its activity level based on cyclin concentration, this process also control the cell cycle progression. Lastly, subcellular localization controls concentration by sequestering cyclin/CDK complexes in different locations to control concentration levels that affect cell cycle progression.