During mitosis we do not see separation of the homologous chromosomes. This is the reason that meiosis results in a reduction of ploidy and that mitosis does not. Separation of homologous chromosomes occurs after the formation of tetrads, during anaphase I of meiosis.

All of the other answers are processes that occur during both meiosis and mitosis. Both divisions require the condensation of chromosomes and eventual cytokinesis to produce daughter cells. Sister chromatids are separated during anaphase of mitosis, and during anaphase II of meiosis.

Anaphase is primarily characterized by the separation of the sister chromatids. This process occurs by degrading the protein securin, which binds the chromatids together. By degrading this protein, anaphase physically allows the sister chromatids to separate. Immediately after separation, the sister chromatids begin to migrate towards opposite ends of the spindle. Chromosome condensation occurs during prophase, not anaphase. 

Metaphase is the stage of mitosis when chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate, so that they may be accurately segregated into two unique cells. Metaphase is the second phase of mitosis, following prophase.

During prophase, chromosomes condense and exit the nuclear envelope to align during metaphase. Anaphase follows metaphase, and is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids. Telophase is the final mitotic stage, during which the cell prepares for cytokinesis.

Cytokinesis begins shortly after anaphase, when a contractile ring assembles near the equator of the cell. A cleavage furrow is formed and eventually, cytokinesis is completed. Actin filaments are capable of contraction, while tubulin polymers (microtubules) are generally used for cell structure. Microtubules form the spindle fibers used to separate sister chromatids during anaphase, but do not play a significant role in cytokinesis.

Microtubules are polymers of tubulin, and are components of the cytoskeleton. They are involved in mitosis, during which they are involved in the formation of the mitotic spindles. The drugs in chemotherapy are used in the disruption of mitotic processes. By disrupting microtubules, spindle fibers will be unable to form and the cell will be unable to complete anaphase.

Microtubules are not significantly involved in endocytosis, chromosome condensation, or the immune response. Microtubules are involved in cell motility, but movement of tumors is not a typical symptom of cancer. When tumors spread, it is generally due to cancerous cells being carried by the blood to other regions of the body, and is not directly linked to cell motility or microtubules.

Crossing over is the only answer choice that does not occur during mitosis. Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis and involves swapping of genetic information between homologous chromosomes. This require the formation of tetrads, which does not occur during mitosis.

During prophase of mitosis chromatin condenses to form chromosomes and the nucleolus disappears. During prometaphase the nuclear membrane disintegrates. During anaphase of mitosis the sister chromatids separate. 

Somatic cells refer to all cells in the body, with the exception of the reproductive cells. Gametes are the reproductive cells, namely the sperm and egg cells.

Somatic cells each have 46 chromosomes in total, with 23 chromosomes from each parent. Each somatic cell contains 23 homologous pairs and is considered diploid. Gametes have 23 chromosomes in total, one copy from each homologous pair, and are considered haploid. When two gametes fuse to form a zygote, each gamete contributes one copy of each chromosome. This results in a diploid zygote with 46 chromosomes.

Mitosis is the period of division for somatic cells and results in two identical copies of the parent cell. In contrast, meiosis is the formation of unique gametes from germ cells. Mitosis is broken into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Meiosis is broken into meiosis I and meiosis II, each of which contains all four phases of division.

During prophase, the nuclear envelope dissolves and chromosomes condense. The chromosomes migrate to the center of the cell and align during metaphase. The mitotic spindle fibers attach during metaphase and retract during anaphase, pulling sister chromatids from each chromosome to separate poles of the cell. During telophase, the chromatids are localized at the poles of the cell and cytosolic cleavage begins.

The chromosome will align along the center of the cell in metaphase, ready to be pulled apart into separate chromatids.

Mitosis begins in prophase, when chromosomes begin to condense and the nuclear envelope begins to dissolve. Chromosomes assemble at the equatorial plate during metaphase and are separated by spindle fibers during anaphase. During telophase, the chromosomes are enclosed in new nuclear envelopes. Finally, cytokinesis completes the division of the cell cytoplasm. Interphase refers to the portion of the cell cycle between mitotic divisions.

The chromosomes must be allowed to align at the center of the cell in order for the sister chromatids to be separated. The chromosomes align during metaphase, and spindle fibers separate the sister chromatids during anaphase. In order for these processes to occur, the nuclear membrane must be dissolved during the earliest mitotic phase: prophase. During prophase, DNA condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane dissolves, and the chromosomes enter the cytoplasm.