The 28th, 29th, and 30th dynasties in Egypt all ruled during the half-century between two periods of Persian rule in Egypt.

A satrap is a “province” or “district” within the Persian Empire. So, the term Egyptian Satrapy would be most likely to refer to the administration of Egypt under the rule of the Persian Empire. The Persians first conquered Egypt in the sixth century BCE, they ruled for a century before being driven out by an Egyptian uprising. The Persians again conquered Egypt under the rule of Artaxerxes III in the fourth century CE, but this rule lasted less than two decades before the Persians were themselves conquered by the Greek armies of Alexander the Great.

During the Late Period, the capital of Egypt was moved to Sais, in the Nile Delta. This demonstrates how power and authority was migrating northwards during the Late Period, as Egypt was slowly and forcefully being absorbed into the Asiatic and Mediterranean worlds.

Marriage was rarely directly controlled by the state, and Egyptians could seek divorce and commit adultery without fear of government punishment. Marriage and adultery, however, were heavily regulated by the local community, which had a vested interest in enforcing norms and promoting peaceful co-existence.

Artaxerxes III was a ruler of the Persian Empire during the fourth century BCE. When he came to power, Egypt had recently rebelled against the Persian Empire and was trying to re-establish itself as a strong, independent kingdom. Artaxerxes III led a successful Persian reconquest of Egypt and established himself as the first Pharaoh of the 31st Dynasty.

The Assyrian Empire conquered most of Egypt in the seventh century BCE and ruled for less than two centuries before they were themselves conquered by the mighty Persian Empire. The Persians ruled Egypt for a little over a century before they were deposed by an Egyptian rebellion. The Persians took back control a few generations later, but were then swiftly conquered by Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE.

During the reign of the powerful Persian Emperor Darius I, Egypt was administered according to the Persian tradition of respecting and accommodating local religions and cultures; however, during the later rule of Xerxes, Egypt was ruled with an iron fist, and Egyptian traditions, customs, and local institutions were suppressed. This led to a successful uprising which freed Egypt of Persian control for half a century.

The Argead Dynasty is the name of the ruling dynasty of Macedon. Both Philip II and Alexander the Great were members of the Argead Dynasty. The Argead Dynasty ruled Egypt during the first few years of Hellenistic (Greek) rule. The Argead Dynasty was replaced by the Ptolemaic Kingdom shortly after the death of Alexander the Great.

The Diadochi were the generals and close friends of Alexander the Great who fought for control of his territory after he died. One of the Diadochi, Ptolemy I Soter, took control of Alexander’s territory in Egypt and founded the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

Alexander the Great was a Macedonian conqueror who led the armies of Greece on a vast campaign across Eurasia in the fourth century BCE. Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and established a Hellenistic (Greek) Kingdom in Egypt. Hellenistic Egypt would persist from the death of Alexander, in 323 BCE until the Roman occupation three centuries later.