The Battle of Kadesh was fought during the reign of Ramasses II, during the height of the power of the New Kingdom. It was fought between Egypt and their great rivals at the time, the Hittites. It ended in partial victory for the Egyptians and a negotiated peace treaty between the Hittites and the Egyptians.

The New Kingdom pharaohs, despite their many fearsome Asiatic conquests, were not at all averse to diplomacy. In fact, when it was deemed religiously and politically preferable, they frequently took the diplomatic route to either avoid or end military conflicts with neighboring states. These pharaohs developed their own special blend of diplomatic relations – peace overtures would be made and then cemented through the ritual exchange of valuable gifts and strategic royal marriages. Their willingness to engage in diplomacy, as well as the many alliances which thereby resulted, contributed greatly to the over prosperity and territorial expansions enjoyed by the Empire during this era.

The Battle of Kadesh was fought in the 13th century BCE, during the reign of one of the most powerful Egyptian rulers - Ramasses II. It was fought between the Egyptian Empire and their great rivals, the Hittites. It ended in something of a stalemate, although Ramasses II claimed a great victory.

The Eighteenth Dynasty pharaohs of the New Kingdom were the first Ancient Egyptian rulers to launch territorial incursions into neighboring Asia. Their concentrated military campaigns and expeditions were wildly successful, so much so that their new Asian conquests afforded Ancient Egypt with its first real taste of imperial rule.

The religious reforms of Akhenaten were centered around the worship of the sun disc and the power of light. This is distinct from earlier Egyptian worship which was centered around the worship of the sun as a physical or divine entity.

The Battle of the Delta was fought in the twelfth century BCE between the forces of Egypt (led by Ramesses III) and the Sea-Peoples. The Sea-Peoples were a group of European and Asiatic migrants who repeatedly attempted to settle in the Egyptian delta during the nineteenth and twentieth dynasties. At the Battle of the Delta, Ramesses’ forces repelled an invasion from the sea and defeated the Sea-Peoples.

The Battle of Megiddo was fought during the fifteenth century BCE between the forces of Egypt and an alliance of Canaanite and Asiatic city-states. It was part of the Asiatic military campaigns of the influential New Kingdom ruler, Thutmose III. It was during Thutmose’s reign that Egypt’s territorial extent reached its greatest height.

Meroe was a powerful city in the Kush Kingdom of the Nubians during the Late Period of Egyptian history. It rivalled Egyptian power from about 800 BCE until the fall of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in 30 BCE.

The Egyptians used a flight of steps, constructed on the banks of a river, to measure the rise in the Nile’s water level during the season of inundation. This instrument is called a “Nilometer” because it is used to measure the depth of the Nile.

The ancient Greeks were accomplished mathematicians and probably developed many of their earliest innovations on the backs of ancient Egyptian scholars. The ancient Egyptians, however, generally used mathematics for practical purposes, such as accounting. Whereas the ancient Greeks were more inclined to pursue mathematics for its own sake and the illumination it could provide about the nature of the world. This intellectual curiosity is one of the hallmarks of Greek civilization and distinguishes it from the slightly less intellectual civilization of ancient Egypt.