The Litany of Ra is one of the more famous examples of a funerary text. It dates from the New Kingdom period and can be found inscribed on the walls of the tombs of many New Kingdom rulers. The Litany of Ra is a collection of prayers, primarily dedicated to the Sun God and to the Pharaoh’s association with the divine power of the Sun.

The Book of Kemyt was a collection of funerary texts and accounts of the lives of previous rulers. It was used, during the New Kingdom period and later, in Egyptian government training. Would-be scribes and young upper class males were educated to read and write Egyptian through rote memorization. They would copy out classic texts like the Book of Kemyt over and over again until they had learned to write.

The ancient Egyptian understanding of mathematics was relatively advanced, but still significantly limited by our modern standards. The ancient Egyptians did not use multiplication and division (instead they relied on a series of additions or subtractions); they had a rudimentary understanding of fractions and percentage; and they had no concept of the number zero. Ancient Egyptian mathematics was primarily concerned with practical accounting and commerce and was not focused on the pursuit of mathematics for its own sake.

The primary function of ancient Egyptian “wisdom texts” was to enforce social conformity. These “wisdom texts” could take the form of guidelines on correct social behavior or practical lessons for would-be scholars. Maintenance of social order and harmony was deeply important to the ancient Egyptians and was a fundamental component of their understanding of the universe. “Wisdom texts” were used to reinforce this social order and encourage social cohesion.

Upon accession to the throne, most Pharaoh’s would acquire several new names. These new names, like the “Golden Horus Name” were primarily intended to emphasize the Pharaoh’s divinity.

The vast majority of ancient Egyptians received no formal education whatsoever. The only people who were generally guaranteed an education were the sons of scribes and government officials. Girls were never formally educated in Egyptian society. Of course, some Egyptians might have privately educated their daughters, but this would have been extremely uncommon.

During the New Kingdom, many upper class women participated in religious ceremonies by playing musical instruments, such as a harp or sistrum. These instruments were intended to accompany specific rituals and were an important component of communal Egyptian worship.

Thutmose III is one of the most famous rulers of Egypt during the New Kingdom period. He ruled for more than half a century (for twenty-two years with his mother, Hatshepsut, as co-regent). He is often recognized as Egypt’s most accomplished military leader and led dozens of successful campaigns against Egypt’s neighbors.

Ozymandias is the Greek name given to the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramasses II. Ramasses II was one of the most celebrated Pharaohs in ancient Egypt and throughout the world during antiquity, and he continues to be one of the most well-known Egyptian rulers to this day. He is often regarded as the most powerful ruler of ancient Egypt. Ramasses II led successful military campaigns against the Hittites, the Nubians, and the Sea-Peoples.

The Eighteenth Dynasty was the first ruling dynasty of the New Kingdom. It was one of the most powerful dynasties in Egyptian history, presiding over a period of prolonged territorial expansion and centralization of power. It is also one of the most famous ruling dynasties and includes the rules of many of Egypt’s most notable Pharaohs, such as Hatshepsut, Amenhotep III and IV, and Tutankhamun.