ACT English : Phrase, Clause, and Sentence Errors
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Example Questions
Example Question #2 : Dangling Modifier Errors
As the class entered the museum, Ms. Johnson noticed that two of her students had fallen behind the group. After all of the tickets had been secured, she approached the two girls, saying: “what on Earth is causing you to go so slow?” The taller girl, whose name was Ashley, was the first to respond:
“Veronica and I were just discussing something very private. Nobody can hear what her and I are discussing.”
“Well, Ashley, I think that our tour guide, Dr. Mitchell, will be offended by your behavior. You and Veronica should find separate places in the group and you should pay attention to him and me.”
The two girls reluctantly joined the rest of the class. Ms. Johnson looked to see if another student was out of their place, but everything seemed to be in order. The tour guide, Dr. Mitchell, introduced himself to the class:
“Hello everyone! My name is Dr. Mitchell. I’m so glad that you have all come to the Museum of Natural History today; I think you’ll really enjoy our exhibits, which have been curated with the utmost care. The museum has three distinct types of exhibitions. Permanent exhibitions, temporary exhibitions, and space shows. The permanent exhibition and the space show is always available for viewing, but the temporary exhibition changes seasonally.“
Having finished his introduction, the permanent exhibition was the first thing that Dr. Mitchell showed to the class.
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
Having finished his introduction, the permanent exhibition was the first thing showed to the class.
Having finished his introduction, Dr. Mitchell first showed the class the permanent exhibition.
NO CHANGE
Having finished introducing the permanent exhibition Dr. Mitchell showed the permanent exhibition to the class first.
Having finished his introduction, Dr. Mitchell first showed the class the permanent exhibition.
This modifier, "having finished his introduction," is misplaced in the original text. The modifier describes Dr. Mitchell, not the exhibition, so it is Dr. Mitchell who should appear directly after the modifier. This is why the correct answer reads, "Having finished his introduction, Dr. Mitchell . . ." If we do not place the subject of the modifier directly after it, we have created a misplaced modifier (such as in the original text).
Example Question #1 : Dangling Modifier Errors
The bayou was quiet, except for the sounds of insects, water and the occasional alligator. Jim was cleaning his blade, which he had recently used to dispatch one of the undead. His partner Bill and him had come out to the bayou for their nightly patrol and they had found a nest of the undead by an old abandoned dock.
"Hey, Bill!," he shouted gleefully, mindless of whether the noise would attract more undead. "Where'd you go, man?"
A noise to his left had startled him. He turned quick and saw the man who had been closest to him than a brother for the past six months walking slowly toward him.
"Whew," he said: "there you are." He went back to cleaning his blade. "I thought one of those things had got 'cha."
Standing in the dark, the light of the moon did not reach his partners face. The sudden silence caused Jim to look up again. "What's the matter with you, Bill?"
It was only when the thing that was once Bill stepped into the light and Jim saw the fresh bite on it's newly dead face that he realized what the matter was.
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
NO CHANGE
The light of the moon standing in the dark
Since his partner was standing in the dark, the light of the moon
While standing in the dark, the light of the moon
Since his partner was standing in the dark, the light of the moon
As written, the sentence makes it sound as if "the light of the moon" is "standing in the dark," but it's actually Bill, so the sentence must be rewritten to clarify this.
Example Question #21 : Modifier Placement Errors
Jeremy had no luck convincing the members of the orchestral committee about his suggestions. He pleaded, cajoled, was begging, and even threatened the committee at various times, but yet despite being the conductor, he couldnt get them to agree to his requests. Despite many attempts, the committee would not listen to him. In the end, he decided to go through with the Christmas concert despite him not having his favorite composer on the program. Afterward, one of his friends, whom was in the audience, came up and asked him why was there no Handel on the program? "I did try" Jeremy replied "but the committee were unanimously against me. I nearly begged them all day to put one piece on the program. But try as I might I could not get a Handel on it."
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
NO CHANGE
the committee wouldn't listen to him
he wouldn't listen to the committee
he could not get the committee to listen
he could not get the committee to listen
To avoid a dangling modifier, the phrase "he could not get the committee to listen" is the only choice that works here.
Example Question #1841 : Correcting Grammatical Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
Coming back to the farm, the gruesome scene was seen by everyone in the car.
everyone in the car saw the gruesome scene.
the gruesome scene was seen by everyone in the car.
the gruesome scene saw by everyone in the car.
the gruesome scene being seen by everyone in the car.
the gruesome scene was seen by everyone at the car.
everyone in the car saw the gruesome scene.
The sentence is written with a dangling modifier, which makes the sentence read as though the "gruesome scene" was what was "coming back to the farm." The sentence needs to be restructured to clarify this problem. The only answer choice that does this is "everyone in the car saw the gruesome scene."
Example Question #1 : Dangling Modifier Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
Waiting for the crucial trial to begin, the anxiety Neil felt was almost overwhelming.
the anxiety Neil felt was almost overwhelming.
Neil felt almost overwhelmed with anxiety.
the anxiety almost overwhelmed Neil.
the anxiety being felt by Neil was almost overwhelming.
Neil's anxiety felt almost overwhelming.
Neil felt almost overwhelmed with anxiety.
When a sentence begins with a dangling participle or descriptive phrase, the person or thing described in that phrase (in this case, "Neil") must immediately follow it. Only one answer choice does this correctly. The answer choice that begins "Neil's anxiety" may appear to do so, but it does not, because the possessive "Neil's" is no longer the subject, but is describing the anxiety.
Example Question #261 : Correcting Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
Coming around the corner, the skyscrapers came clearly into view across the river.
Coming around the corner, the skyscrapers came clearly into view across the river.
Coming around the corner, the people got a view of the skyscrapers across the river.
Coming around the corner, the skyscrapers are viewed clearly across the river.
Comes around the corner, the skyscrapers came clearly into view across the river.
Coming around the corner, the skyscrapers come clearly into view across the river.
Coming around the corner, the people got a view of the skyscrapers across the river.
The sentence as written contains a dangling modifier, as the construction of the sentence implies the skyscrapers are what is "coming around the corner." The word order can be changed to make this much more clear. The correct answer is "Coming around the corner, the people got a view of the skyscrapers across the river."
Example Question #1 : Correcting Dangling Modifier Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices repeats the underlined portion as it is written.
Coming upon the hills, the sun began setting behind the travelers.
Coming upon the hills, the sun began setting behind the travelers.
As the sun began setting, travelers coming upon the hills.
Coming upon the hills as the sun began setting begind the travelers.
As the travelers came upon the hill, the sun began setting behind them.
Coming upon the hills, the sun set behind the travelers.
As the travelers came upon the hill, the sun began setting behind them.
The sentence as written contains a dangling modifier, in that "the sun" is not what is "coming upon the hills." The sentence needs to be rewritten to show that the travelers were the ones "coming upon the hills." "As the travelers came upon the hill, the sun began setting behind them," is the correct answer choice.
Example Question #2 : Correcting Dangling Modifier Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices repeats the underlined portion as it is written.
Passing by the waterfront, the ducks and geese floated around as spectators strolled.
the ducks and geese were floating around as spectators strolled.
the ducks and geese floated around as spectators strolled.
spectators strolled but the ducks and geese floated around.
spectators strolled as the ducks and geese floated around.
the ducks and geese and spectators floated around and strolled.
spectators strolled as the ducks and geese floated around.
The best answer fixes the dangling participle that starts the sentence (the subject of the main clause should be the one doing the action described in the opening phrase), and uses a logical coordinator.
Example Question #4 : Correcting Dangling Modifier Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices repeats the underlined portion as it is written.
A power-hungry dictator who killed millions of people, I wrote my term paper on the infamous Joseph Stalin.
A power-hungry dictator who killed millions of people, I wrote my term paper on the infamous Joseph Stalin.
A power-hungry dictator who killed millions of people, my term paper was about the infamous Joseph Stalin.
I wrote my term paper on the power-hungry dictator and he was the infamous Joseph Stalin.
I wrote my term paper on the infamous Joseph Stalin, a power-hungry dictator who killed millions of people.
A power-hungry dictator, I wrote my term paper on the infamous Joseph Stalin, who killed millions of people.
I wrote my term paper on the infamous Joseph Stalin, a power-hungry dictator who killed millions of people.
As it is written, the initial sentence suggests that the speaker and author of the term paper is a murderous dictator, which is almost certainly not the speaker's intended claim. To fix this, we need to bring the modifying clause closer to the person to whom it is referring. One way that we can do that is by reversing the order of the two clauses.
Example Question #1 : Correcting Dangling Modifier Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices repeats the underlined portion as it is written.
Forced to draw a freehand map of the United States, all of her knowledge of geography suddenly left her.
all of her knowledge of geography suddenly forgotten.
she suddenly forgot all of her knowledge of geography.
all of her knowledge of geography was suddenly leaving.
she forgot all of her knowledge of geography suddenly.
all of her knowledge of geography suddenly left her.
she suddenly forgot all of her knowledge of geography.
This sentence has a dangling participle; its word order separates "forced to draw a freehand map of the United States" from its object, "her," by a significant amount. The sentence can be made clearer by making sure that the object described by its introductory phrase immediately follows that phrase. The best answer choice, "she suddenly forgot all of her knowledge of geography," fixes this and keeps the adverb “suddenly” close to its verb, resulting in the sentence, "Forced to draw a freehand map of the United States, she suddenly forgot all of her knowledge of geography."
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