Here, specific vocabulary knowledge helps, as all of the options are acceptable on some level.  An “inquest” is an investigation that is related to a judicial process; hence, it is a better option than the other more general terms.  The word is related to similar terms like “inquisition,” “question,” “inquire,” and “inquisitive”—all words pertaining to the asking of questions.

Since the soldier was looking to return to his house, it can be said most properly that he was looking to have returned to his “domicile,” a word taken from the Latin root for “home” and found in other words such as “domestic” and “domesticate.”  All of the other options indicate other reasons that might or might not be the case.  The only clue that we have in our sentence is that he was “away from his house.”  There is nothing related to an alteration in his routine or his diet.

Since the sentence clearly indicates that Nathanael’s face gave away his inward disposition, the best option is “countenance,” which refers to a person’s face or the expressions found thereupon.  The other options are too vague, given the direct clue in the main clause of the sentence.   

King Wulfric is looking for one person who knows all of the languages that he needs.  A “pantoglot” is a person said to know “all languages.”  The expression might be a bit of an overstatement, but its literal parts do mean “all-tongues.”  The prefix “panto-” comes from the Greek for “all or complete” and is found in words like “pantheistic”—all of nature is God—and panacea—something that cures everything.  The “-glot” portion comes from the Greek for “tongue,” which is related to words like “glossary,” “glottal,” and “polyglot.”  The last word means “one knowing many languages” and clearly is related to “pantoglot.”

Although we tend to think of “proselytes” as persons who preach their belief (which they often do), the term most particularly indicates a recent convert.  Since the sentence states that this person has a “newfound” ideology, this is the best option to choose. 

Although a number of these options are likely tempting, note both the mention of “affectionately” and “informal,” indicating that the necessary word should reflect these facts.  A “sobriquet” is a nickname (sometimes descriptive—as is “lefty”), so this word best meets the needs of the sentence.

Fundamentally, “asylum” means “refuge,” a meaning derived from a similar Greek root.  Normally, people think of “asylum” in the sense of a “mental asylum,” but even that term implies such “refuge,” though in that case it is a refuge for persons suffering form mental illness.  Often, the term is used to imply that someone is seeking refuge from political persecution.  Since the sentence speaks of the political ills and persecution in the family’s native land, “asylum” is the best choice.

Here, you must be careful not to imply anything in the sentence.  Nothing is said about the state of the two person’s friendship.  Therefore either “amity” / “friendliness” or “quarreling” / “bickering” would imply that something has changed with regard to the relationship between the two persons.  However, since we have the word “cohabitation,” it would be best to choose this option, as it merely implies that the two friends had been living together.  The word comes with from the root “co-” meaning together (as found in “cooperate” and “correlate”)  combined with “-habitate,” which is derived from Latin roots meaning “to live / inhabit.”  The later has many related English derivatives such as “habitat,” “habitual,” and “inhabitant.”

This sentence might be difficult because of the temptation to ignore the word “diet.”  In actuality, this word is the most specific and matching for our purposes.  The word is used to name the legislative assemblies of some countries and hence is a better option than “group” or “congregation,” which do not match as well.   For example, in the city of Worms in 1521, an assembly gathered to address the questions related to Martin Luther.   This formal gathering is famously called the “Diet of Worms.”  As you can see, it has nothing to do with strange eating habits.  It merely means that an assembly within the Holy Roman Empire happened to convene at a city named “Worms.”

Although we often think of “orthodoxy” as being associated with religious beliefs, it is also applicable to any theory or doctrine, meaning that it is authoritative and generally held.  This word is the best option, given the adjective “unquestioned,” which does imply that the needed word have sense of implying a certain authority.  The word comes from the combination of “ortho,” meaning “straight” or “correct” and “doxos” meaning “opinion” (or “praise.”)  An “orthodontist” works to make teeth (“-dontist”) be straight (“ortho-”).  A “paradox” is something that seems to be different from the accepted opinion (“doxos”).