PSAT Math : Algebra

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for PSAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #892 : Algebra

Expand the expression:

\dpi{100} \small (x^{3}-4x)(6 + 12x^{2})

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} \small 6x^{3} + 12x^{5}-24x-48x^{3}

\dpi{100} \small 42x^{3}+12x^{5}-24x

\dpi{100} \small 6x^{3} + 12x^{2}-24x-48

\dpi{100} \small 22x^{2}

\dpi{100} \small 12x^{5}-42x^{3}-24x

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} \small 12x^{5}-42x^{3}-24x

Explanation:

When using FOIL, multiply the first, outside, inside, then last expressions; then combine like terms.

\dpi{100} \small (x^{3}-4x)(6 + 12x^{2})

\dpi{100} \small 6x^{3}+12x^{5}-24x-48x^{3}

\dpi{100} \small -42x^{3}+12x^{5}-24x

\dpi{100} \small 12x^{5}-42x^{3}-24x

Example Question #4 : Distributive Property

Expand the following expression:

(4x+2)(x^2-2)

Possible Answers:

4x^3+2x^2+8x+4

x^3+2x^2-8x-4

4x^3+2x^2-8x-4

4x^3+4x-4

4x^3-4

Correct answer:

4x^3+2x^2-8x-4

Explanation:

(4x+2)(x^2-2)=(4x\times x^2)+(4x\times -2)+(2\times x^2) +(2\times -2)

Which becomes

4x^3-8x+2x^2-4

Or, written better

4x^3+2x^2-8x-4

Example Question #1 : How To Use Foil In The Distributive Property

Which of the following is equal to the expression ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Multiply using FOIL:

First = 3x(2x) = 6x2

Outter = 3x(4) = 12x

Inner = -1(2x) = -2x

Last = -1(4) = -4

Combine and simplify:

6x2 + 12x - 2x - 4 = 6x2 +10x - 4

Example Question #2 : How To Use Foil In The Distributive Property

Simplify the expression.

Possible Answers:

None of the other answers


Correct answer:

Explanation:

Solve by applying FOIL:

First: 2x2 * 2y = 4x2y

Outer: 2x2 * a = 2ax2

Inner: –3x * 2y = –6xy

Last: –3x * a = –3ax

Add them together: 4x2y + 2ax2 – 6xy – 3ax

There are no common terms, so we are done.

Example Question #5 : Distributive Property

Given the equation above, what is the value of ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Use FOIL to expand the left side of the equation.

From this equation, we can solve for , , and .

Plug these values into to solve.

 

Example Question #6 : Distributive Property

Expand and simplify the expression.

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We can solve by FOIL, then distribute the . Since all terms are being multiplied, you will get the same answer if you distribute the before using FOIL.

First:

Inside:

Outside:

Last:

Sum all of the terms and simplify. Do not forget the in front of the quadratic!

Finally, distribute the .

Example Question #11 : How To Use Foil In The Distributive Property

If , and , then 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To find what  equals, you must know how to multiply  times , or, you must know how to multiply binomials. The best way to multiply monomials is the FOIL (first, outside, inside, last) method, as shown below:

Multiply the First terms

Multiply the Outside terms:

Multiply the Inside terms:

Note: this step yields a negative number because the product of the two terms is negative.

Multiply the Last terms:

Note: this step yields a negative number too!

Putting the results together, you get:

Finally, combine like terms, and you get:

Example Question #1 : Equations / Inequalities

Factor 4x3 – 16x

Possible Answers:

cannot be factored

4x(x + 2)(x + 2)

4x(x – 2)(x – 2)

4x(x + 2)(x – 2)

4x(x2 – 4)

Correct answer:

4x(x + 2)(x – 2)

Explanation:

First pull out any common terms: 4x3 – 16x = 4x(x2 – 4)

x2 – 4 is a difference of squares, so we can also factor that further. The difference of squares formula is a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b). Here a = x and b = 2. So x2 – 4 = (x – 2)(x + 2).

Putting everything together, 4x3 – 16x = 4x(+ 2)(– 2).

Example Question #2 : Equations / Inequalities

Factor the following equation. 

x– 16

Possible Answers:

(x)(x – 4)

(x + 4)(x – 4)

(x2)(4 – 2) 

(x – 4)(x – 4)

(x + 4)(x + 4)

Correct answer:

(x + 4)(x – 4)

Explanation:

The correct answer is (x + 4)(x – 4) 

We neen to factor x– 16 to solve. We know that each parenthesis will contain an x to make the x2. We know that the root of 16 is 4 and since it is negative and no value of x is present we can tell that one 4 must be positive and the other negative. If we work it from the multiple choice answers we will see that when multiplying it out we get x+ 4x – 4x – 16. 4x – 4x cancels out and we are left with our answer. 

Example Question #1 : How To Factor An Equation

If x3 – y3 = 30, and x2 + xy + y2 = 6, then what is x2 – 2xy + y2?

Possible Answers:

180

cannot be determined

24

5

25

Correct answer:

25

Explanation:

First, let's factor x3 – y3 using the formula for difference of cubes.

x3 – y= (x – y)(x2 + xy + y2)

We are told that x2 + xy + y2 = 6. Thus, we can substitute 6 into the above equation and solve for x – y.

(x - y)(6) = 30.

Divide both sides by 6.

x – y = 5.

The original questions asks us to find x2 – 2xy + y2. Notice that if we factor x2 – 2xy + y2 using the formula for perfect squares, we obtain the following:

x2 – 2xy + y= (x – y)2.

Since we know that (x – y) = 5, (x – y)2 must equal 52, or 25.

Thus, x2 – 2xy + y= 25.

The answer is 25.

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