PSAT Math : Algebra

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for PSAT Math

varsity tutors app store varsity tutors android store

Example Questions

Example Question #2 : Equations / Inequalities

if x – y = 4 and x2 – y = 34, what is x?

Possible Answers:

12

10

15

6

9

Correct answer:

6

Explanation:

This can be solved by substitution and factoring.

x2 – y = 34 can be written as y = x2 – 34 and substituted into the other equation: x – y = 4 which leads to x – x2 + 34 = 4 which can be written as x2 – x – 30 = 0.

x2 – x – 30 = 0 can be factored to (x – 6)(x + 5) = 0 so x = 6 and –5 and because only 6 is a possible answer, it is the correct choice.

Example Question #3 : Equations / Inequalities

If x2 + 2ax + 81 = 0.  When a = 9, what is the value of x?

Possible Answers:

–18

0

3

–9

9

Correct answer:

–9

Explanation:

When a = 9, then x2 + 2ax + 81 = 0 becomes 

x2 + 18x + 81 = 0.  

This equation can be factored as (x + 9)2 = 0.

Therefore when a = 9, x = –9.

Example Question #3 : Equations / Inequalities

If f(x) has roots at x = –1, 0 and 2, which of the following could be the equation for f(x)?

Possible Answers:

f(x) = x– x– 2x

f(x) = x2 + x – 2

f(x) = x– x – 2

f(x) = x4 + x3 – 2x2

f(x) = x– x+ 2x

Correct answer:

f(x) = x– x– 2x

Explanation:

In general, if a function has a root at x = r, then (x – r) must be a factor of f(x). In this problem, we are told that f(x) has roots at –1, 0 and 2. This means that the following are all factors of f(x):

(x – (–1)) = x + 1

(x – 0) = x

and (x – 2).

This means that we must look for an equation for f(x) that has the factors (+ 1), x, and (x – 2).

We can immediately eliminate the function f(x) = x2 + x – 2, because we cannot factor an x out of this polynomial. For the same reason, we can eliminate f(x) = x– x – 2.

Let's look at the function f(x) = x– x+ 2x. When we factor this, we are left with x(x2 – x + 2). We cannot factor this polynomial any further. Thus, x + 1 and x – 2 are not factors of this function, so it can't be the answer.

Next, let's examine f(x) = x4 + x3 – 2x.

We can factor out x2.

x(x+ x – 2)

When we factor x+ x – 2, we will get (x + 2)(x – 1). These factors are not the same as x – 2 and x + 1. 

The only function with the right factors is f(x) = x– x– 2x.

When we factor out an x, we get (x– x – 2), which then factors into (x – 2)(+ 1). Thus, this function has all of the factors we need.

The answer is f(x) = x– x– 2x.

Example Question #4 : Equations / Inequalities

Factor 36x2 – 49y2.

Possible Answers:

cannot be factored

(6x + 7y)(6x – 7y)

(6x + 7y)(6x + 7y)

(6x – 7y)(6x – 7y)

6x2 – 7y2

Correct answer:

(6x + 7y)(6x – 7y)

Explanation:

This is a difference of squares. The difference of squares formula is a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b). In this problem, a = 6x and b = 7y.

So 36x2 – 49y= (6x + 7y)(6x – 7y).

Example Question #7 : Factoring Equations

Solve for x:

\dpi{100} \small x^{2}-2x-48 = 0

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} \small x=8,-6

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} \small x=8,-6

Explanation:

Find two numbers that add to \dpi{100} \small -2 and multiply to \dpi{100} \small -48

Factors of \dpi{100} \small 48

\dpi{100} \small 1,2,3,4,6,8,12,16,24,48

You can use \dpi{100} \small -8 +6 =-2

\dpi{100} \small (x-8)(x+6) = 0

Then make each factor equal 0.

\dpi{100} \small x-8 = 0 and \dpi{100} \small x+6 = 0

\dpi{100} \small x= 8 and \dpi{100} \small x=-6

Example Question #4 : Equations / Inequalities

Find the roots of f(x)=x^2+2x-3

Possible Answers:

x=-1,3

x=1,3

x=1,-3

x=2,1

x=0,3

Correct answer:

x=1,-3

Explanation:

Factoring yields (x+3)(x-1) giving roots of -3 and 1.

Example Question #5 : Equations / Inequalities

\frac{-3-2x+x^{2}}{x-3}

 

Find the root of the equation above.

Possible Answers:

x=1

x=2

x=0

x=-1

x=3

Correct answer:

x=-1

Explanation:

The numerator can be factored into (x-3)(x+1).

Therefore, it can cancel with the denominator. So x+1=0 imples x=-1.

Example Question #5 : New Sat Math Calculator

 

Solve for .

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Find all factors of 24

1, 2, 3,4, 6, 8, 12, 24

Now find two factors that add up to  and multiply to and  are the two factors.

By factoring, you can set the equation to be 

If you FOIL it out, it gives you .

Set each part of the equation equal to 0, and solve for .

 and

 and

Example Question #91 : Algebra

Assume that  and  are integers and that . The value of  must be divisible by all of the following EXCEPT:

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The numbers by which x6 – yis divisible will be all of its factors. In other words, we need to find all of the factors of x6 – y6 , which essentially means we must factor x6 – yas much as we can.

First, we will want to apply the difference of squares rule, which states that, in general, a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b). Notice that a and b are the square roots of the values of a2 and b2, because √a2 = a, and √b2 = b (assuming a and b are positive). In other words, we can apply the difference of squares formula to x6 – y6 if we simply find the square roots of x6 and y6.

Remember that taking the square root of a quantity is the same as raising it to the one-half power. Remember also that, in general, (ab)c = abc.

x6 = (x6)(1/2) = x(6(1/2)) = x3

Similarly, √y6 = y3.

Let's now apply the difference of squares factoring rule.

x6 – y= (x3 – y3)(x3 + y3)

Because we can express x6 – y6 as the product of (x3 – y3) and (x3 + y3), both (x3 – y3) and (x3 + y3) are factors of x6 – y. Thus, we can eliminate x3 – yfrom the answer choices.

Let's continue to factor (x3 – y3)(x3 + y3). We must now apply the sum of cubes and differences of cubes formulas, which are given below:

In general, a3 + b3 = (b)(a2 – ab + b2). Also, a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)

Thus, we have the following:

(x3 – y3)(x3 + y3) = (x – y)(x2 + xyy2)(x + y)(x2 – xy + y2)

This means that x – y and x + y are both factors of x6 – y, so we can eliminate both of those answer choices.

We can rearrange the factorization (x – y)(x2 + xyy2)(x + y)(x2 – xy + y2) as follows:

(x – y)(y)(x2 + xyy2)(x2 – xy + y2)

Notice that (x – y)(y) is merely the factorization of difference of squares. Therefore, (x – y)(y) = x– y2.

(x – y)(y)(x2 + xy +y2)(x2 – xy + y2) = (x2 – y2)(x2 + xy +y2)(x2 – xy + y2)

This means that x2 – y2 is also a factor of x6 – y6.

By process of elimination, x2 + y2 is not necessarily a factor of  x6 – y.

The answer is  x2 + y2 .

Example Question #92 : Algebra

Factor .

Possible Answers:

Cannot be factored 

Correct answer:

Explanation:

First pull out any common terms: 4x3 – 16x = 4x(x2 – 4)

x2 – 4 is a difference of squares, so we can also factor that further. The difference of squares formula is a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b). Here a = x and b = 2. So x2 – 4 = (x – 2)(x + 2).

Putting everything together, 4x3 – 16x = 4x(+ 2)(– 2).

Learning Tools by Varsity Tutors