All PSAT Math Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #2 : Equations / Inequalities
if x – y = 4 and x2 – y = 34, what is x?
12
10
15
6
9
6
This can be solved by substitution and factoring.
x2 – y = 34 can be written as y = x2 – 34 and substituted into the other equation: x – y = 4 which leads to x – x2 + 34 = 4 which can be written as x2 – x – 30 = 0.
x2 – x – 30 = 0 can be factored to (x – 6)(x + 5) = 0 so x = 6 and –5 and because only 6 is a possible answer, it is the correct choice.
Example Question #3 : Equations / Inequalities
If x2 + 2ax + 81 = 0. When a = 9, what is the value of x?
–18
0
3
–9
9
–9
When a = 9, then x2 + 2ax + 81 = 0 becomes
x2 + 18x + 81 = 0.
This equation can be factored as (x + 9)2 = 0.
Therefore when a = 9, x = –9.
Example Question #3 : Equations / Inequalities
If f(x) has roots at x = –1, 0 and 2, which of the following could be the equation for f(x)?
f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x
f(x) = x2 + x – 2
f(x) = x2 – x – 2
f(x) = x4 + x3 – 2x2
f(x) = x3 – x2 + 2x
f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x
In general, if a function has a root at x = r, then (x – r) must be a factor of f(x). In this problem, we are told that f(x) has roots at –1, 0 and 2. This means that the following are all factors of f(x):
(x – (–1)) = x + 1
(x – 0) = x
and (x – 2).
This means that we must look for an equation for f(x) that has the factors (x + 1), x, and (x – 2).
We can immediately eliminate the function f(x) = x2 + x – 2, because we cannot factor an x out of this polynomial. For the same reason, we can eliminate f(x) = x2 – x – 2.
Let's look at the function f(x) = x3 – x2 + 2x. When we factor this, we are left with x(x2 – x + 2). We cannot factor this polynomial any further. Thus, x + 1 and x – 2 are not factors of this function, so it can't be the answer.
Next, let's examine f(x) = x4 + x3 – 2x2 .
We can factor out x2.
x2 (x2 + x – 2)
When we factor x2 + x – 2, we will get (x + 2)(x – 1). These factors are not the same as x – 2 and x + 1.
The only function with the right factors is f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x.
When we factor out an x, we get (x2 – x – 2), which then factors into (x – 2)(x + 1). Thus, this function has all of the factors we need.
The answer is f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x.
Example Question #4 : Equations / Inequalities
Factor 36x2 – 49y2.
cannot be factored
(6x + 7y)(6x – 7y)
(6x + 7y)(6x + 7y)
(6x – 7y)(6x – 7y)
6x2 – 7y2
(6x + 7y)(6x – 7y)
This is a difference of squares. The difference of squares formula is a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b). In this problem, a = 6x and b = 7y.
So 36x2 – 49y2 = (6x + 7y)(6x – 7y).
Example Question #7 : Factoring Equations
Solve for x:
Find two numbers that add to and multiply to
Factors of
You can use
Then make each factor equal 0.
and
and
Example Question #4 : Equations / Inequalities
Find the roots of
Factoring yields giving roots of and .
Example Question #5 : Equations / Inequalities
Find the root of the equation above.
The numerator can be factored into .
Therefore, it can cancel with the denominator. So imples .
Example Question #5 : New Sat Math Calculator
Solve for .
Find all factors of 24
1, 2, 3,4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Now find two factors that add up to and multiply to ; and are the two factors.
By factoring, you can set the equation to be
If you FOIL it out, it gives you .
Set each part of the equation equal to 0, and solve for .
and
and
Example Question #91 : Algebra
Assume that and are integers and that . The value of must be divisible by all of the following EXCEPT:
The numbers by which x6 – y6 is divisible will be all of its factors. In other words, we need to find all of the factors of x6 – y6 , which essentially means we must factor x6 – y6 as much as we can.
First, we will want to apply the difference of squares rule, which states that, in general, a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b). Notice that a and b are the square roots of the values of a2 and b2, because √a2 = a, and √b2 = b (assuming a and b are positive). In other words, we can apply the difference of squares formula to x6 – y6 if we simply find the square roots of x6 and y6.
Remember that taking the square root of a quantity is the same as raising it to the one-half power. Remember also that, in general, (ab)c = abc.
√x6 = (x6)(1/2) = x(6(1/2)) = x3
Similarly, √y6 = y3.
Let's now apply the difference of squares factoring rule.
x6 – y6 = (x3 – y3)(x3 + y3)
Because we can express x6 – y6 as the product of (x3 – y3) and (x3 + y3), both (x3 – y3) and (x3 + y3) are factors of x6 – y6 . Thus, we can eliminate x3 – y3 from the answer choices.
Let's continue to factor (x3 – y3)(x3 + y3). We must now apply the sum of cubes and differences of cubes formulas, which are given below:
In general, a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2). Also, a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
Thus, we have the following:
(x3 – y3)(x3 + y3) = (x – y)(x2 + xy + y2)(x + y)(x2 – xy + y2)
This means that x – y and x + y are both factors of x6 – y6 , so we can eliminate both of those answer choices.
We can rearrange the factorization (x – y)(x2 + xy + y2)(x + y)(x2 – xy + y2) as follows:
(x – y)(x + y)(x2 + xy + y2)(x2 – xy + y2)
Notice that (x – y)(x + y) is merely the factorization of difference of squares. Therefore, (x – y)(x + y) = x2 – y2.
(x – y)(x + y)(x2 + xy +y2)(x2 – xy + y2) = (x2 – y2)(x2 + xy +y2)(x2 – xy + y2)
This means that x2 – y2 is also a factor of x6 – y6.
By process of elimination, x2 + y2 is not necessarily a factor of x6 – y6 .
The answer is x2 + y2 .
Example Question #92 : Algebra
Factor .
Cannot be factored
First pull out any common terms: 4x3 – 16x = 4x(x2 – 4)
x2 – 4 is a difference of squares, so we can also factor that further. The difference of squares formula is a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b). Here a = x and b = 2. So x2 – 4 = (x – 2)(x + 2).
Putting everything together, 4x3 – 16x = 4x(x + 2)(x – 2).
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