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Example Questions
Example Question #2 : Conditions And Treatments
The appearance of red, purple, brown, or black papular lesions on the extremities, back, face, mouth, and genitalia is a typical presentation for what malignancy?
Melanoma
Kaposi sarcoma
Pancreatic cancer
Burkitt lymphoma
Kaposi sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma presents with red, purple, brown, or black papular lesions on the extremities, back, face, mouth, and genitalia. It is caused by human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) and is typically seen in immunocompromised patients.
Neither Burkitt lymphoma nor pancreatic cancer typically present with any associated skin lesions, while melanomas tend to be singular lesions.
Example Question #811 : Nclex
What type of cancer generally presents with elevated calcium, renal failure, anemia, and lytic bone lesions?
Multiple myeloma
Ovarian cancer
Osteosarcoma
Gastric cancer
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma, also known as plasma cell myeloma or Kahler's disease, presents with lytic bone lesions, blood count abnormalities, elevated blood calcium, and an abnormal paraprotein antibodies which can cause damage to kidneys.
Osteosarcoma, while located in the bone, tends to present with a mass visible on imaging. Gastric and ovarian cancer are not associated with any changes in bone (unless due to metastasis).
Example Question #3 : Conditions And Treatments
What is the most common malignant brain tumor in children?
Meningioma
Medulloblastoma
Glioblastoma
Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
90% of medulloblastomas are in pediatric patients. It is the tumor type in 14.5% of primary brain malignancies of childhood and adolescence. Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor in adults and accounts for 52% of all primary brain tumors. Meningiomas are also fairly common in adult populations, accounting for 34% of primary brain tumors. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma is a brain tumor of childhood but only accounts for 2% of cases.
Example Question #1 : Conditions And Treatments
Actinic keratosis occasionally develops into which skin cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Merkel cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis occasionally develops into squamous cell carcinoma and is generally removed prophylactically. Actinic keratosis is not associated with development of any of the other skin cancer types listed.
Example Question #5 : Conditions And Treatments
Which of the following types of lung cancer is most linked to cigarette smoking?
Adenocarcinoma
Mesothelioma
Small cell carcinoma
Bronchial carcinoids
Small cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma (also called oat cell cancer) makes up 15% of lung cancers and almost always presents in patients with a history of cigarette smoking.
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in patients who have never smoked. Mesothelioma is most commonly caused by asbestos exposure, while bronchial carcinoids are often of unknown etiology.
Example Question #11 : Identifying Types Of Tumor
What condition may look like eczema around the nipple but is actually a malignant skin change?
Paget's disease of the breast
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
Paget's disease of the breast
Paget's disease of the breast will often present as itchy, scaling, cracked, red lesions around the nipple. The other conditions mentioned are all forms of breast cancer, but all of them originate in tissues deeper to the breast and will generally present without a visible rash, though some skin changes such as redness or dimpling may occur.
Example Question #812 : Nclex
Which of the following is a benign tumor?
Osteosarcoma
Neuroblastoma
Chondrosarcoma
Adenocarcinoma
Fibroma
Fibroma
A fibroma is considered a benign fibrous tissue tumor. The other tumor types are all malignant.
Example Question #12 : Conditions And Treatments
What is the most common soft tissue tumor in children?
Neuroblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Epithelioid sarcoma
Desmoid tumor
Rhabdomyosarcoma
The most common soft tissue tumor in children is rhabdomyosarcoma. This generally presents on the face, neck, or extremities, with nearly one-third of cases presenting with orbital involvement. 90% of all cases of rhabdomyosarcoma are seen in children, most often seen in children under 10 years of age. Leiomyosarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, and desmoid tumors are all relatively rare soft tissue tumors of childhood.
Example Question #12 : Identifying Types Of Tumor
The nursing student prepares a report on acute versus chronic leukemia. Which of the following assessments is correct?
Acute leukemia has a rapid onset and often occurs among those aged 25 to 60; chronic leukemia has a gradual onset and often occurs among children and young adults
None of these
Acute leukemia has a gradual onset and often occurs among children and young adults; chronic leukemia has a rapid onset and often occurs among those aged 25 to 60
Acute leukemia has a rapid onset and often occurs among children and young adults; chronic leukemia has a gradual onset and often occurs among those aged 25 to 60
Acute leukemia has a gradual onset and often occurs among those aged 25 to 60; chronic leukemia has a rapid onset and often occurs among children and young adults
Acute leukemia has a rapid onset and often occurs among children and young adults; chronic leukemia has a gradual onset and often occurs among those aged 25 to 60
To answer this question, it is essential to 1) identify the correct definition of acute conditions versus chronic conditions and 2) identify the age groups that experience acute leukemia versus chronic leukemia. Acute conditions such as acute leukemias have rapid onsets, while chronic conditions such as chronic leukemias have gradual onsets. Acute leukemias are more common among children and young adults, while chronic conditions are more common among adults aged 25 to 60.
Example Question #13 : Conditions And Treatments
Which of the following types of kidney tumors occurs most frequently in children?
Renal oncocytoma
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Metanephric adenoma
Wilm's tumor
Wilm's tumor
Wilm's tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a rare type of malignant tumor that occurs primarily in children. These tumors tend to be unilateral, and will present as an abdominal mass with abdominal pain or tenderness, nausea and vomiting, and fever. 20% of cases will also present with hematuria.