"Monarch" means ruler or king, so "king" is the correct answer. None of the other answer choices are close in meaning to "monarch": a "narrator" is a person who tells a story; an "achievement" is the completion of a task or goal; a "document" is a paper with written material on it; and a "protagonist" is the main character in a novel or movie.

A "chaperone" is a supervisor or a person who looks after another person or group, so "supervisor" is the correct answer. None of the other answer choices are close in meaning to "chaperone": a "voyage" is a journey made by traveling via ship; a "protagonist" is the main character of a story; a "catastrophe" is a disaster or great event of terror and suffering; and "destruction" is the action of causing great damage.

"Pupil" is a noun that can mean apprentice or novice, so the answer choice closest in meaning to "pupil" is "student," a noun meaning a person who is going to school. Considering the other answer choices, "expert" is a noun meaning a specialist or a skilled person, "parent" is a noun meaning a mother or father of a child, and "worker" is a noun meaning someone who does work.

An “entourage” is a group of people who accompany one person, or an “escort.” A “debut” is the act of doing something, often publicly, for the first time; and “corruption” means dishonesty.

If you break “sophomore” down into its Latin word parts, it's literal meaning is wise-fool. In American English, we use it to describe a “second-year student.” To provide further help, an “itinerant” is a nomad, someone who walks from place to place without living in any one place; an “academic” is someone who studies or teaches for a living. 

"Novice" means beginner or learner, so "beginner" is the correct answer. 

"Posterity" refers to future generations of something. The best choice is "lineage," as it means the descendants or future generations of a particular thing or person.

A "nominee" is a candidate or a person being considered for a job or position. A "physician" is a doctor. A "monopoly" is the situation that occurs when one company or person controls an entire industry or sector and has power to extract above market prices. "Perjury" is the act of lying under oath. "Inquiry" is the act of asking questions and attempting to obtain information.

"Scholar" is a noun meaning an academic or an educated person, so the answer choice closest in meaning to "scholar" is "intellectual," a word that when used as a noun means an academic or a very intelligent person. Considering the other answer choices, "novice" is noun that means beginner, a "school" is a place where students go to be taught by teachers, and "fervor" means zeal or passion.

A "scribe" is a professional record keeper or copyist. The best choice is "clerk," as one of the jobs of a clerk is to copy and record documents. Considering the other choices, "scribble" means write carelessly, "written" means formed by characters visible on a surface, and a "scripture" is a religious text.