Human Anatomy and Physiology : Human Anatomy and Physiology

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Example Questions

Example Question #3 : Help With Vascular And Lymphatic Injuries And Disorders

Wells' criteria is used to identify patients at risk of developing lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following is not one of those criteria?

Possible Answers:

Symptomatic calf is swollen greater than 3cm (compared to other leg)

Patient has prior history of a DVT

Patient has active cancer

Symptomatic leg demonstrates pitting edema

Pratt's test

Correct answer:

Pratt's test

Explanation:

Although Pratt's test is not part of Wells' criteria, it is used to screen for DVT's. It involves squeezing the patient's popliteal vein, in the symptomatic leg. A test is considered positive if it causes pain. The other answers listed are part of Wells' criteria.

Example Question #1 : Circulatory And Respiratory Systems

What is Kawasaki disease?

Possible Answers:

A disease caused after motor cycle crashes

A type of digestive disorder

It is not a disease or a disorder

A form of vasculitis that causes inflammation of the blood vessel walls throughout the body

Correct answer:

A form of vasculitis that causes inflammation of the blood vessel walls throughout the body

Explanation:

Kawaski disease is a rare childhood disease that is a form of vasculitis. The walls of blood vessels throughout the body become inflamed with no known cause. It cannot be prevented, but most children recover after a few weeks.

Example Question #2 : Circulatory And Respiratory Systems

What is Raynaud's disease?

Possible Answers:

A disorder that affects the arteries

A disorder that affects hair growth

A disorder that affects sleep patterns

A disorder that affects gait

Correct answer:

A disorder that affects the arteries

Explanation:

Raynaud's disease is a rare disorder that cause the arteries of the body to have episodes of vasospasms. These vasospasms affect blood flow to the finger and toes most often. The disorder is often managed by minor lifestyle changes.

Example Question #4 : Help With Vascular And Lymphatic Injuries And Disorders

What is sickle cell disease?

Possible Answers:

Inherited group of red blood cell disorders, featuring abnormal hemoglobin

Inherited disease affecting white blood cells, causing them to become sickle shaped

Another name for type II diabetes

Another term for anemia

Correct answer:

Inherited group of red blood cell disorders, featuring abnormal hemoglobin

Explanation:

Sickle cell disease is inherited red blood cell disorders, which cause abnormal hemoglobin to be created. This hemoglobin is known as "hemoglobin S" or sickle hemoglobin. The incorrect structure of the hemoglobin S causes a reduction the red blood cell's ability to travel through blood vessels and transport oxygen to tissues. It also causes the classic "donut" shaped red blood cell to bend due to an amino acid substitution on the periphery of the hemoglobin protein from a hydrophilic one to a hydrophobic one. Anemia is a broad term and can be a result of multiple causes.

Example Question #1 : Circulatory And Respiratory Systems

What is an aneurysm? 

Possible Answers:

Complete rupture of a blood vessel

Another term for a heart attack

A balloon-like bulge in an artery

A clotting disorder

Correct answer:

A balloon-like bulge in an artery

Explanation:

An aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in an artery. Often, these occur in the aorta or arteries in the brain. An aneurysm does not necessarily mean the artery has ruptured. Treatments for aneurysms focus on reducing the chances of the vessel rupturing, such as medications to lower blood pressure or surgery to repair the vessel's wall. 

Example Question #7 : Help With Vascular And Lymphatic Injuries And Disorders

What is atherosclerosis?

Possible Answers:

A type of anemia

A disease in which plaque builds up in arteries and they harden

A heart attack

A disease that only effects only the heart

Correct answer:

A disease in which plaque builds up in arteries and they harden

Explanation:

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plague begins to form in the arteries, which limits the ability of blood to flow through the area. Also the plaque makes the arterial walls less elastic, which increases blood pressure. Plague can build up in any area of the body, although the pulmonary circuit is much less prone to developing atherosclerotic signs. Atherosclerosis can lead to an increased risk of several health problems, including heart attacks and chronic kidney disease.

Example Question #9 : Help With Vascular And Lymphatic Injuries And Disorders

What disease does Ebola virus cause?

Possible Answers:

Sickle cell disease

Hemorrhagic fever

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

All of these

Correct answer:

Hemorrhagic fever

Explanation:

EBOV is also known as the Ebola virus. It causes a severe hemorrhagic fever that is often fatal in humans and other mammals. EBOV is one of five known viruses within the genus Ebolavirus. 

Example Question #1521 : Human Anatomy And Physiology

The splenic artery provides blood supply for the spleen, pancreas and stomach. If the splenic artery is compressed by a tumor, which of its branches to the stomach are the most affected?

Possible Answers:

The inferior mesenteric artery

The right gastroepiploic artery

The short gastric artery

The left gastroepiploic artery

The superior mesenteric artery

Correct answer:

The short gastric artery

Explanation:

The splenic artery arise from the celiac trunk and gives off branches to the pancreas and stomach. The gastric branches are short gastric and left gastroepiploic. The left gastroepiploic artery anatomoses with the right gastroepiploic artery (a branch of the gastroduodenal artery) and would not be affected by obstruction of the splenic artery. The short gastric artery has no anastomoses and would likely be affected.The inferior and superior mesenteric arteries are not splenic artery branches.

Example Question #1522 : Human Anatomy And Physiology

Which type of anemia is due to lack of vitamin B12? 

Possible Answers:

hemorrhagic anemia 

iron deficiency anemia 

pernicious anemia 

hemolytic anemia 

aplastic anemia 

Correct answer:

pernicious anemia 

Explanation:

Pernicious anemia is the type of anemia that is caused by lack of vitamin B12. Hemorrhagic anemia is caused by loss of blood. Iron deficiency anemia is caused by low hemoglobin and/or small red blood cells. Hemolytic anemia can result from hemolytic disease of the newborn. Aplastic anemia is when the bone marrow looses its capacity to produce red blood cells. 

Example Question #11 : Circulatory And Respiratory Systems

Which of the following disorders is caused by a cancerous mutation of cells in the bone marrow that produce white blood cells? 

Possible Answers:

lymphoma 

leukemia 

myeloma 

hemophilia 

leukopenia 

Correct answer:

leukemia 

Explanation:

There are various types of leukemia, all which are caused by a cancerous mutation in the cells of the bone marrow that are producing white blood cells. This causes white cells in circulation to be non functional, yet continue to grow and divide. Myeloma is a type of cancer that also begins in the bone marrow, but affects plasma cells. Lymphoma is a blood cancer of the lymphocytes. Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder that results from the lack of a clotting factor. Leukopenia is when the bone marrow stops producing white blood cells, causing the body to be more susceptible to infection. 

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