All Human Anatomy and Physiology Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Help With Neurotransmitter And Receptor Physiology
Which of the following activates muscarinic receptors in parasympathetic nervous tissue?
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Glycine
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine activates muscarinic receptors in postganglioinic parasympathetic nervous tissue and nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscle fibers, and preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous tissue.
Example Question #4 : Help With Neurotransmitter And Receptor Physiology
Which of the following is a type of acetylcholine receptor?
Adrenergic
Muscarinic
Glutaminergic
Dopaminergic
Muscarinic
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are found in the G protein-receptor complexes in the cell membrane of certain neurons. The suffix -ergic means exhibiting or stimulating the activity of. For example, dopaminergic receptors bind to dopamine.
Example Question #2 : Help With Neurotransmitter And Receptor Physiology
Neurotransmitters are used for communication between neurons. The neurotransmitters travel from the pre-synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane packaged in __________, traveling through the __________.
dendrites . . . neurotransmitter membrane
vesicles . . . axons
vesicles . . . synaptic cleft
axons . . . synaptic cleft
vesicles . . . synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitters are packaged in vesicles, traveling through the synaptic cleft (space between neurons) from the pre-synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane, where they bind to their receptors and influence the post-synaptic membrane potential.
Example Question #6 : Help With Neurotransmitter And Receptor Physiology
The Renshaw cells in the spinal cord release which neurotransmitter?
GABA
Acetylcholine
Glycine
Dopamine
Glutamate
Glycine
Renshaw cells are interneurons in the spinal cord that release the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine.
Example Question #3 : Help With Neurotransmitter And Receptor Physiology
What are competitive inhibitors?
Molecules that bind covalently to protein and changes its activity
Molecules that compete directly with ligands by binding reversibly to the active site
Molecules that alter the 3D shape of protein, which may be irreversible
Molecules that bind to active site and cannot be displaced by ligands
Molecules that compete directly with ligands by binding reversibly to the active site
Competitive inhibitors directly compete with ligands for the same binding sites (active sites). Irreversible inhibitors are molecules that bind irreversible to the active site. Covalent modulators are molecules that bind covalently to proteins and changes their activity. pH and temperature may alter the 3D shape of the protein and can be irreversible, while ligand binding, and competitive inhibition is a reversible process that involves the formation of weak, not covalent, bonds.
Example Question #41 : General Neuron Physiology
Cholinergic neurons release which neurotransmitter?
Substance P
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Nitric oxide
Acetylcholine
Cholinergic neurons, whether in the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system, release acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons include some postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract, which release substance P and nitric oxide. Adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine.
Example Question #152 : Neural Physiology
Which neurotransmitter is released by adrenergic neurons?
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Nitric oxide
Substance P
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine is released by adrenergic neurons.
Cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter (in the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system).
Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons (which include postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract) release substance P and nitric oxide.
Example Question #153 : Neural Physiology
The entry of which ion into the presynaptic terminal cause synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?
Acetylcholine
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Calcium
The depolarization of the presynaptic membrane causes voltage-gated calcium channels to enter from the extracellular space. This causes the synaptic vessels which are docked on the presynaptic terminal to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
Example Question #41 : General Neuron Physiology
Which of the following neurotransmitters is found at the neuromuscular junction?
GABA
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter found at the neuromuscular junction and many other synapses found in the nervous system. It binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane to induce muscular contraction.
Example Question #622 : Systems Physiology
What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the brain?
Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
Dopamine
Serotonin
Glutamate
None of these
Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Dopamine is a monoamine which can sometimes be inhibitory, but is not the most common.
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