Human Anatomy and Physiology : Human Anatomy and Physiology
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology
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Example Questions
Example Question #1471 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Patient comes into the office with a traumatic brain injury. After doing an initial evaluation, lab values state that the serum osmolarity is low and the urine osmolarity is high. Which of the following hormones is responsible for this?
Prolactin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Aldosterone
Dopamine
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Any injury to the brain can cause a release of any number of hormones into the body. Thus proper evaluation should be conducted immediately for the hormone most likely with the patients presentation. ADH is responsible for this patients abnormalities. ADH causes an increase in water re-absorption which decreases serum osmolarity and consequently, increases urine osmolarity.
Example Question #1472 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Bell's palsy may be caused by damage to which cranial nerve?
CN III
CN VII
CN V3
CN V2
CN VI
CN VII
CN VII, or facial nerve, innervates the muscles responsible for facial expression. Bell's palsy is a disease that causes one side of the face to droop because the muscles are paralyzed. It can be idiopathic, associated with herpes simplex/lyme disease, or a result of CN VII being divided.
Example Question #1 : Help With Bone Injuries And Disorders
What symptom is normally seen with the sacralization of L5 vertebra and why?
Loss of mobility because the lumbar vertebrae are normally associated with high mobility
Sacralization of the L5 vertebra will not affect mobility because it is the most caudal lumbar vertebra
Loss of mobility because the sacrum is associated with high mobility
Increase of mobility because the lumbar vertebrae are normally associated with high mobility
Increase of mobility because the sacrum is associated with low mobility
Loss of mobility because the lumbar vertebrae are normally associated with high mobility
The lumbar region of the vertebrae is known for its high mobility and ability to support body weight. If it receives inappropriate signals during development and fuses with the sacrum, it will result in a loss of mobility in the individual.
Example Question #2 : Help With Bone Injuries And Disorders
What carpal bone articulates with the radius and is the most commonly fractured bone in the wrist?
Pisiform
Trapezium
Hamate
Scaphoid
Scaphoid
The scaphoid, which articulates with the distal radius, is a very common fractured bone. It is located at the base of the thumb.
Example Question #3 : Help With Bone Injuries And Disorders
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease involves avascular necrosis of which bone?
Mandible
Humerus
Scaphoid
Femur
Talus
Femur
While the other bones listed are common sites of avascular necrosis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease specifically refers to avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Example Question #2 : Help With Bone Injuries And Disorders
Which motion at the ankle, when take to the extreme, is likely to result in an avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus?
Dorsiflexion
Extension
Eversion
Inversion
Plantarflexion
Eversion
End range ankle eversion tenses the deltoid ligament (medial collateral ligament of the ankle). However, at the extremes of ankle eversion, the high tensile strength of the deltoid ligament can cause the medial malleolus to avulse from the tibia. During inversion, this ligament is not tense.
Example Question #3 : Help With Bone Injuries And Disorders
Osgood-Schlatter's is characterized by repeated avulsion fractures of which bone?
Ischium
Ilium
Patella
5th metatarsal
Tibia
Tibia
Although bony prominences on the other bones listed are common sites for avulsion fractures, Osgood-Schlatter's disease refers to the repeated avulsion of the tibial tuberosity, which can occur during growth spurts.
Example Question #4 : Help With Bone Injuries And Disorders
Following anterior dislocation of the humerus, the posterolateral posrtion of the humeral head can become injured. What is the name for this type of injury?
Hill-Sachs lesion
SLAP lesion
McLaughlin lesion
Bankart lesion
Reverse Hill-Sachs lesion
Hill-Sachs lesion
(Superior Lateral Anterior Posterior) SLAP and Bankart tears are injuries to the glenoid labrum. Reverse-Hill Sachs and McLaughlin lesion are synonymous, however they are injuries to the anteromedial portion of the humeral head, and are caused by posterior dislocation of the humerus.
Example Question #1477 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
A Monteggia fracture is an injury to bone?
Femur
Talus
Patella
Fibula
Ulna
Ulna
A Monteggia fracture is a fracture-dislocation injury that involves a fracture of the proximal ulna, and dislocation of the proximal radius.
Example Question #5 : Help With Bone Injuries And Disorders
Which of the following describes a grade V Salter-Harris fracture?
Fracture extending from the epiphysis, through the epiphyseal plate, and into the metaphysis
Fracture through the epiphyseal plate, with small fracture through metaphysis ("chip fracture")
Fracture through the epiphyseal plate and epiphysis
Compression injury to epiphyseal plate
Transverse fracture through the epiphyseal plate
Compression injury to epiphyseal plate
A Salter-Harris type V fracture is a compress ion injury of the epiphyseal plate. The other choices listed are type I is a transverse fracture through the epiphyseal plate. Type IV is a fracture extending from the epiphysis, through the epiphyseal plate, and into the metaphysis. Type III is a fracture through the epiphyseal plate and epiphysis. Type II is a fracture through the epiphyseal plate, with small fracture through metaphysis ("chip fracture").
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