Human Anatomy and Physiology : Gross Anatomy

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Example Questions

Example Question #81 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following muscles does not contribute to movement of the eye?

Possible Answers:

Superior oblique

Internal oblique

Lateral rectus

Inferior oblique

Correct answer:

Internal oblique

Explanation:

The superior oblique produces depression and intorsion of the eye. The inferior oblique produces elevation and extorsion of the eye. The lateral rectus produces abduction of the eye. The internal oblique is a trunk muscle that has no attachment to the eye, and produces (among other movements) trunk ipsilateral rotation.

Example Question #82 : Gross Anatomy

Which muscle contracts to depress and lower the thyroid cartilage?

Possible Answers:

Sternothyroid

Omohyoid

Sternocleidomastoid

Thyrohyoid

Correct answer:

Sternothyroid

Explanation:

In order for a muscle to depress and lower the thyroid cartilage, it needs to originate below and insert either at or above the thyroid cartilage. The correct answer is the sternothyroid. This muscle originates at the sternum and inserts at the thyroid cartilage. When this muscle contracts, the action causes the thyroid/larynx to lower and depress.

Example Question #83 : Gross Anatomy

Which muscle surround the eye and causes the eyelid to squint and close?

Possible Answers:

Orbicularis oris

Orbicularis oculi

Mentalis

Procerus

Correct answer:

Orbicularis oculi

Explanation:

For this question, we are looking for a muscle that is located around the eye and thus responsible for its movement. The correct answer is the orbicularis oculi which is the only muscle of the answer choices that fits. Although each of these muscles is located in the face, none of the other choices are around the eye.

Example Question #84 : Gross Anatomy

Which muscle elevates the ribs and aids in forced inspiration?

Possible Answers:

Trapezius

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

Subscapularis

Correct answer:

Serratus posterior superior

Explanation:

The muscles that help in forced breathing are located in the deep compartment of the back, leaving only the serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles. The serratus posterior superior originates from C7-T3 and inserts into the superior borders of ribs 2-5, meaning it elevates the ribs while breathing. For this reason, it is the correct answer.

Example Question #85 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following eye muscles is not innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

Possible Answers:

Lateral rectus

Superior rectus

Levator palpebrae superioris

Medial rectus

Correct answer:

Lateral rectus

Explanation:

The oculomotor nerve is one of the cranial nerves. It runs from the brain to the orbital socket of the eye. Only two muscles in the orbital socket are not innervated by the oculomotor nerve: the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The lateral rectus is innervated by the abducens nerve (cranial nerve XI), and the superior oblique is innervated by the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV). 

Example Question #31 : Identifying Muscles Of The Trunk, Core, And Head

Which muscle retracts the angle of the mouth when you laugh?

Possible Answers:

Procerus

Zygomaticus minor

Orbicularis oris

Risorius

Correct answer:

Risorius

Explanation:

We are looking for a muscle around the mouth, leaving us with the risorius, orbicularis oculi, and zygomaticus minor muscles. The orbicularis oculi protrudes the lips and the zygomaticus minor elevates the upper lip. This means that the correct answer is the risorius muscle.

Example Question #32 : Identifying Muscles Of The Trunk, Core, And Head

Which muscle draws the eyebrows down?

Possible Answers:

Masseter

Orbicularis oculi

Procerus

Risorius

Correct answer:

Procerus

Explanation:

Of the answer choices, the risorius and master muscles control movements around the mouth and jaw. The orbicularis oculi is responsible for movement of the eyelid. This means that the correct answer is the procerus muscle.

Example Question #33 : Muscles

What does the temporalis do?

Possible Answers:

Pulls the arm towards the body

Closes the eye

Raises the arm

Closes the jaw

Correct answer:

Closes the jaw

Explanation:

The temporalis muscle closes the jaw, the deltoid is responsible for raising the arm, the orbicularis oculi closes the eye, the pectoralis major pulls the arm towards the body. 

Example Question #86 : Gross Anatomy

What is the innervation for the obliquus capitis inferior muscle?

Possible Answers:

Trigeminal nerve

Suboccipital nerve

Cranial nerve X

Cranial nerve V

Correct answer:

Suboccipital nerve

Explanation:

The obliquus capitis inferior muscle is innervated by the suboccipital nerve. Cranial nerve X, is also known as the vagus nerve and innervates many other muscles, including the heart, but not the obliquus capitis inferior. The trigeminal nerve is also known as cranial nerve V, is responsible for the sensations in the face. 

Example Question #87 : Gross Anatomy

What is the primary muscle of inspiration?

Possible Answers:

Scalenes

Sternocleidomastoid

Pectoralis major and minor

External and internal obliques and transverse abdominal muscles

Diaphragm

Correct answer:

Diaphragm

Explanation:

The primary muscle of inspiration is the diaphragm. As the diaphragm contracts it flattens creating a negative pressure system that subsequently pulls air into the lungs from outside the body. The other muscles are involved during inspiration but it is only when the body is demanding more energy and thus requires these additional muscles to contract. The sternocleidomastoid, scalene, and pectoralis muscles help by pulling upwards on the chest wall, whereas the abdominal muscles pull down further increasing negative pressure. 

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