The celiac trunk is a major branch of the abdominal aorta. The celiac trunk has three main branches (each of which has its own branches), which include: the left gastric artery, the common hepatic artery, and the splenic artery. 

The splenic artery provides blood supply to the spleen. The colon is supplied by the superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and the iliac arteries (the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries are other major branches off the abdominal aorta). The appendix is supplied by the appendicular artery, and the jejunum is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.

A dermatome is an area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are eight cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 5 lumbar nerves, and 5 sacral nerves. Each of these nerves is responsible for sending sensation from a particular area of the skin to the brain. Frequently tested dermatomes include T4 (the level of the nipple), T10 (the level of the umbilicus), and S4/S5 (the perianal area).

The intercostal space is the space between two ribs. As there are 12 ribs on each side, there are 11 intercostal spaces which are numbered for the rib superior to it. Within the intercostal space there are muscles, lymph nodes, nerves, arteries and veins. Within the intercostal space the vein, artery, and nerve (in this order) run together in the neurovascular bundle. The neurovascular bundle runs directly inferior to the rib.

Knowing the relationship of the neurovascular bundle is important clinically. When performing a procedure called a thoracocentesis (inserting a chest tube) one needs to avoid damaging the neurovascular bundle. Thus when performing procedures one inserts the instrument directly above the upper margin of the rib.

We have 12 pairs of cranial nerves: the olfactory nerve, optic nerve, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, abducens nerve, facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, and hypoglossal nerve. A common mnemonic to remember these is: "On old Olympus' towering top a Fin and German viewed some hops." We have 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

This question sounds complicated, but the key lies in the first sentence: we are to identify the vessel that normally carries oxygen-rich blood. The pulmonary veins fit this description; they return oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart. In contrast, the pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated-poor blood from the heart to the lungs (to be oxygenated). The portal vein carries oxygenated-poor blood with nutrients to the liver from the intestine. Lastly, the superior vena cava carries oxygenated-poor blood to the right atrium of the heart.

Visceral efferent (autonomic) and somatic efferent axons are found in the ventral roots of spinal nerves. The ventral root is the efferent motor root of a spinal nerve, distally it joins with the dorsal root to form a mixed spinal nerve, whose postertior branch innervates skin and muscles of the back, while the anterior branch supplies skin and muscles of the front and sides of the trunk and limbs.

The C6 spinal nerve passes through the intervertebral foramen between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. There are eight cervical spinal nerves that exit above their associated vertebrae. In this case C6 exits between the vertebrae C5 and C6 (above C6 vertebrae). This is unique in comparison to the thoracic and lumbar spine where the nerves exit below their associated vertebrae. 

The deep brachial artery travels with the radial nerve, around the spiral/radial groove of the humerus. The anterior interosseous artery travels with the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve, not the radial nerve, and passes through the dorsal surface of the interosseous membrane. The recurrent branch of the median nerve branches off the median nerve in the hand, not in the arm. The ulnar artery travels with the ulnar nerve at various points in its pathway, not the deep brachial artery.

Although all of these nerves arise from the cervical plexus, and supply sensation to the head and neck, the supraclavicular nerves do not receive C2 segmental innervation. They receive C3, C4 segmental innervation. Anteriorly, they supply sensation to the skin superolateral to the sternum, and posteriorly to the skin over the supraspinous fossa, and the adjacent area.

The thoracodorsal nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi, which is not one of the rotator cuff muscles. The suprascapular nerve innervates the supra- and infraspinatus muscles, the upper and lower subscapular nerves innervate the subscapularis, and the axillary nerve innervates the teres minor. These muscles make up the rotator cuff. Accordingly, the nerves that innervate them are associated with the rotator cuff.