The correct answer is the greater curvature of the stomach. This is because the greater curvature is connected to the greater omentum, a large fold of peritoneum that covers the organs in the abdomen. The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied  by the left and right gastric arteries, the spleen is supplied by the splenic artery, and the right quadrant of the liver is supplied by the right hepatic artery.

The correct answer is the adductor hiatus. This is the "hole" in the adductor magnus muscle of the thigh where the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery. Both the adductor magnus and braves are muscles and the sciatic notch is located posteriorly in the ilium.

The anterior cerebral artery supplies the deep portion of the frontal lobe, but it does not supply the brainstem. The AICA supplies a portion of the lateral pons. The PICA supplies a portion of the lateral medulla. Branches of the basilar artery supply the medial and lateral pons, as well as the midbrain.

The correct answer is the proper hepatic artery. Each of these answer choices, however, supplies one portion of the liver, or gall bladder. The common hepatic artery gives rise to the proper hepatic artery which then gives rise to the right and left hepatic arteries as well as the cystic artery.

Here, we are looking for a pair of arteries that comes inferiority along the abdominal aorta. The correct answer here is the pair of iliac arteries that supply the legs. The adrenal arteries supply the adrenal glands, the renal arteries supply the kidneys, and the gastro-mental arteries supple the greater curvature of the stomach, each of which superior to the hips and legs.

The aortic arch comes directly from the left ventricle of the heart following the ascending aorta and has three branches that supply the head, neck, and upper extremities. The correct answer is the right common carotid artery, as this artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk. All the other answer choices come from the aortic arch. In the anatomical position from left to right it is ordered left subclavian, left common carotid, brachiocephalic trunk.

The brachiocephalic trunk extends to the right side of the chest and neck, giving rise to two main arteries. These are the right common carotid artery which supplies the neck, face and brain, and the axillary artery which extends to the shoulder and arm. The left common carotid and left subclavian arteries both arise from the aortic arch.

The correct answer is the basilar artery. The vertebral arteries extend into the posterior compartment of the brain, merging to become the basilar artery which then anastomoses with arteries in the anterior compartment of the brain. The internal carotid arteries branch into the middle cerebral arteries while the posterior communicating arteries connect the middle and posterior cerebral arteries.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and experience higher blood pressure. Thus, arteries have a thicker layer of muscle within the tunica media. Veins also have muscle in the tunica media, but it is much thinner than that found in arteries. Veins often are larger in diameter than arteries as well due to the larger volume of blood they carry. Finally, due to the thicker muscle in arteries, they have thicker walls than veins. 

The phrenic nerve is the innervation for the diaphragm. It originates in the cervical spine at the levels of C3-C5. There are two phrenic nerves (left and right), which innervate their respective sides of the diaphragm. A helpful phrase to remember this is "C3,C4,C5 keeps the diaphragm alive!"