"Geology" is the science dedicated to the study of the "earth," as "biology" is dedicated to studying "life."

The word “audible” means “able to be heard” or “pertaining to the sense of hearing.” Therefore, the analogy implies, “As a trombone produces an audible effect, so too does a projector produce . . .” While a number of the options describe what a projector might make—an image or a film—and likewise where it might be used—in a cinema—the only appropriate word is one that describes the general type of effect produced by the projector. As such, the projector is better said to produce a visible effect than an enjoyable one. Enjoyable effects might be produced by man things other than projectors, but it is proper to the projector to produce a visible effect.

Just as the purpose of the eye’s proper functioning is sight, the heart’s proper function is the circulation of blood and fluid through the body. Note that the words “blood” and “fluid” tell you what the heart circulates. They do not describe the activity of the heart, which is precisely the act of circulation itself.

A cobbler is more than a type of delicious dessert. The word likewise mean “a person who repairs footwear.” The analogy thus runs, “As the cobbler repairs footwear, so does the tailor repair . . .” Now, a tailor does indeed to more than repair items, but the analogy merely focuses on this aspect of repairing. While a tailor might repair trousers, the general thing that they repair are clothes, a synonym of which is “attire.” This is the best option among those provided.

The relationship between computers and calculations is that the former perform the latter. While it is used in an extended sense, we can say that an actor performs a monologue, not merely in the theatrical sense of “perform” but also in the sense of “doing.” The monologue of an actor is a given task—like a calculation for a computer—that he does. Furthermore, none of the other potential answers are quite specific to actors, indicating that they are unlikely candidates. Finally, none of the other options are specific actions to be done. For the reasons already mentioned, we need to have a specific action. For this reason, “monologue,” stands out as the best answer.

A “raconteur” is a person who is someone who can retell stories (often in an amusing way). The analogy could be read as stating, “As a raconteur is known for telling stories, so a perjurer is known for X.” When someone commits perjury, that person makes a false statement in court when he or she is under oath to speak the truth; therefore, the best option among those provided is “lies,” for this best describes that for which a perjurer would be characteristically known.

A seed gives rise to descendents—whether we are discussing the seed of plants or the “seed” of animals (sperm). A tributary is a body of water that runs into a larger one, feeding it as well as helping to create it.  It could be said that just as a seed gives rise to descendents—even for generations from one seed—so too does a tributary give rise to a river. Among the options, this is the only one that fits the analogy in any manner.

"Minerals" are extraceted from a "mine," much like "timber" is extracted from a "forest."

"Ivory" is a precious material that comes from "elephants," just as valuable "pearls" come from "oysters.

"Orchards" are the place where "apples" are grown; therefore "vineyards" are where "grapes" are grown.