When someone fortifies something, he or she strengthens it against potential attack or assault. The word comes from the Latin for “strong.” A fortification is something that has been strengthened against attack—for instance, a bunker or a castle. It can also refer to the walls and other things used to fortify the given area. Thus, a fortification is used for defense. The analogy could be read as stating, “As a fortification is used for defense, so is telephony used for X.” Telephony is merely “a system using telephones.” This would be used for communication.

A barometer is an instrument for measuring air pressure. When you hear of “barometric pressure,” this is referring to the pressure of the air and often indicates certain aspects of the weather. Now, if you did not know this, you might have been able to guess that we are dealing with something that measures in both cases of our words because they both contain the ending “-meter.” A “chronometer” is something that measures time. The “chronology” of events is the order in which they unfold in time, and “chronic” illness is one that lasts for a long period of time. While a watch and a clock might be chronometers, the analogy wants function, not examples.

The general relationship of this analogy is rather simple, but you need to know the meaning of the word “caching.” A “cache” of something is a hidden set of those items, often stored up for the future. The verb “to cache” merely means “to hide or store for the future.” A cupboard can at least be said to be used for this purpose, even if it has other purposes. For this reason, the analogous word for ladder must describe such functioning. The word “climbing” is best. Think of it this way: “Just as a cupboard can be used for caching, so too can a ladder be used for climbing.”

"Film" is the medium by which "photography" is expressd, just as "sculpture" is often expressed with "clay."

A brush is a tool used by a painter, so this analogy calls for the tool used by a musician. Among the options given, the only one that fits that need is “instrument.”

A "general" is the top leader of an "army," while an "admiral" is the leader of a "navy."

A "curator" is responsible for directing a "museum," just as a "director" is responsible for directing a "film."

Students are the group to whom a teacher directs his or her acts of teaching. A demagogue is a person who appeals to popular sentiment, often through oratory, to influence political decisions. The “dem-” in the word is related to the same form found in “democracy,” meaning “the people.” The sense of the word “demagogue” is that such a person uses oratory “on the crowd or throng of people” to whip them into a fury over something. Thus, a crowd stands in relation to a demagogue as a group of students stands to a teacher.

Although this analogy might seem a bit light-hearted, it does hold if you write a bridge sentence. Polls are used to gather opinions from a group of people. Among the uses that a net can have, it can gather things like fish. All of the other options are either synonyms for net or types of people who would use a net. Neither of these fit any sense that can be established between “poll” and “opinion;” therefore, as strange as it might seem, “fish” is the best option.

A tyro is someone who is inexperienced or a novice in some subject.  Such a person would need to be mentored in order to gain adequate proficiency. Thus, the analogy could be written, “As a tyro learns from a mentor, so does X learn from a master.” Among the options provided, only “apprentice” fits this usage. An apprentice is someone who learns a trade from a master tradesman.