The French and Indian war was fought as part of the larger Seven Years War between the British and French Empires. It resulted in an overwhelming victory for the British Empire, but may have proved the final straw that ended up costing the British Empire its American colonies. Although it is true that the British quartered troops in colonial homes, this question asks how the French and Indian War primarily contributed to the deteriorating relationship. The main reason was that the British government felt that the American colonies should bear the majority of the financial burden for protecting colonial lands, and thus raised taxes for this purpose. This helped create the revolutionary cry of "no taxation without representation."

The Federalist Papers were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, in 1787 and 1788. Their purpose was to try to persuade the general public to support the ratification of the Constitution. If you did not know this, it is helpful to remember that the key is in the name—Federalist. The Federalists supported Constitutional ratification, whereas the Anti-Federalists opposed it.

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that the states could deem a Federal law unconstitutional and then, having done so, declare the law null and void. They were immediately controversial with many politicians, including George Washington, stating that the principle was a recipe for disunion (something he would be proved at least partially right about). The nullification issue would continue throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, contributing directly to the outbreak of Civil War.

The Establishment Clause appears in the Constitution as part of the First Amendment. It states that the Federal government will make no laws regarding the establishment of an official state religion.

Shays’ Rebellion took place in 1786 and 1787 in the years between American independence and the adoption of the Constitution. The rebellion was lead in part by Daniel Shays, and the rebels were dissatisfied with the state of government and tried to overthrow the government in Massachusetts. The rebellion was important for demonstrating to the Founding Fathers the limitations of the Articles of Confederation and was one of the primary motivations behind drawing up a stronger national constitution and abolishing the Articles of Confederation.

Federalist No. 51 is an essay written by James Madison as part of the larger collection of essays called The Federalist Papers. In this essay, Madison argues why a separation of powers is necessary in a Republican government to provide protection against the tyranny of any one part of the government.

The Articles of Confederation was the first system of government utilized by the United States.  The people who created this system were most likely fearful of a strong central government do to oppression felt by man from the British government.  This system did not have a strong executive authority which is reflected of attitudes in the nation at this time.

Home rule was, essentially, the British policy of purposeful neglect. In other words, in the ‘middle-years’ of colonial days (that is, a few years after Jamestown until around the end of the Seven Years War/French and Indian War), Britain let the colonies pretty much do as they pleased. The colonies, in reality, had it pretty good—on top of basically ruling themselves: they didn’t pay taxes, they had one of the largest economies in the world to sell crops and goods to, and they had the largest military in the world to protect them.

To put it succinctly, the colonies got used to “ruling” themselves, and Britain got used to enjoying the “good” of colonies without having to account for the “bad.” Britain, in other words, enjoyed the advantages of having colonies (a default trade partner, for example) without being forced to expend money to protect the colonies.

Remember:Even though home rule allowed for autonomy, the colonies were still dependent on Britain. Moreover, the Brits still appointed colonial “rulers” such as governors and judges. 

Hopefully you’ve guessed that free riding is a collective action problem. This is actually the easiest one to remember because nearly everyone has done a group project at one point in their lives. Remember that one kid who did absolutely NOTHING while you slaved away on that group project? He’s a free rider. He is benefitting from your hard work and diligence while contributing nothing to the overall endeavor. Even though he contributed 0%, he still gets 100% of whatever grade you earn.

Free riding was actually very prevalent in the early days of the USA, especially during the Articles of Confederation. States which contributed nothing (monetarily or otherwise) still benefitted from being in a union with the other states. The Constitution sought to address this, among other things.

This is a trick question. There isn’t really a difference between the 7 Years War/F&I War. Technically speaking, the French and Indian War is simply the North American theatre of the 7 Years War.

To explain slightly further, when scholars refer to war “theaters” it generally means a battle or conflict which is part of the overall war, but is in a different geological location. Take World War II, for example: the “European Theatre” clearly includes conflicts and battles within Europe; the “Pacific Asian Theatre” obviously includes conflicts and battles in Japan, for example. Both, however, are part of WWII. 

Regardless, the War is responsible for the Brits beginning to do away with "home rule" and start exercising power over the colonies. The first power exercised, of course, was the power to tax. This infuriated the colonists ("no taxation without representation") and was one of the major sparks leading to the Revolution.