AP Physics 2 : AP Physics 2

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Physics 2

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Electrostatics

An object of mass \displaystyle 25kg accelerates at \displaystyle 2.1\frac{m}{s^2} in an electric field of \displaystyle 4.5\frac{N}{C}. Determine the charge of the object.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 7.75C

\displaystyle 11.66C

\displaystyle 13.55C

\displaystyle 3.45C

\displaystyle 8.89C

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 11.66C

Explanation:

Combine Newton's second law with the equation for electric force due to an electric field:

\displaystyle F_{net}=ma=F_E=qE

Plug in values:

\displaystyle 25*2.1=4.5q

\displaystyle q=11.66C

Example Question #1 : Point Charges

At  away from a point charge, the electric field is , pointing towards the charge. Determine the value of the point charge.

Possible Answers:

None of these

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Since the electric field is pointing towards the charge, it is known that the charge has a negative value.

Using electric field formula:

\displaystyle |E|=k\frac{|q|}{r^2}

Solving for \displaystyle q

\displaystyle |q|=|E|\frac{r^2}{k}

Plugging in values:

\displaystyle q=15*\frac{2^2}{9*10^9}

\displaystyle |q|=6.67nC

Since the charge must have a negative value:

\displaystyle q=-6.67nC

Example Question #9 : Point Charges

Imagine two point charges separated by 5 meters. One has a charge of  and the other has a charge of . What is the magnitude of the force between them? Is it attractive or repulsive?

Possible Answers:

Attractive

There is no force felt by the two charges.

Attractive

Repulsive

Repulsive

Correct answer:

Attractive

Explanation:

The equation for the force experienced by two point charges is known as Coulomb's Law, and is as follows.

\displaystyle F=\frac{kq_1q_2}{r^2}

The value 'k' is known as Coulomb's constant, and has a value of approximately \displaystyle 9.0 \times 10^{9} N.

We have all of the numbers necessary to use this equation, so we can just plug them in.

\displaystyle \begin{align*} F&= \frac{kq_1q_2}{r^2}\\ &= \frac{(9\times 10^9)(5\times 10^{-6})(-2\times 10^{-6})}{(5^2)} \\ &= -0.0036\\ &= -3.6\times 10^{-3} \end{align*}

Since we're given a negative number (and through our intuition: "opposites attract"), we can determine that the force is attractive. Because we're asked for the magnitude of the force, we take the absolute value, so our answer is 

\displaystyle 3.6 \times 10^{-3} \textup{ N}, attractive force.

Example Question #2 : Point Charges

What is the value of the electric field 3 meters away from a point charge with a strength of \displaystyle 10\ \mu\textup{C}?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 10000\ \frac{\textup{N}}{\textup{C}}

\displaystyle 30000\ \frac{\textup{N}}{\textup{C}}

\displaystyle -30000\ \frac{\textup{N}}{\textup{C}}

None of the answers are correct.

\displaystyle -10000\ \frac{\textup{N}}{\textup{C}}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 10000\ \frac{\textup{N}}{\textup{C}}

Explanation:

To find the strength of an electric field generated from a point charge, you apply the following equation.

\displaystyle E=\frac{k*Q}{r^2}

We know the value of Q and r (the charge and distance, respectively), so we can simply plug in the numbers we have to find the answer.

\displaystyle \begin{align*} E&= \frac{9E9*10E{-6}}{3^2}\\ &= 10000\ \frac{N}{C} \end{align*}

While this might seem like a very large number coming from such a small charge, remember that the typical charges interacting with it will be in the same magnitude of strength, roughly. This yields a force much smaller than 10,000 Newtons.

Example Question #1 : Electric Fields

Physics2set1q8

What is the value of the electric field at point C?

Points A and B are point charges.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 8.99 \frac{N}{C} in the \displaystyle -x direction

\displaystyle 8.99 \frac{N}{C} in the \displaystyle +x direction

\displaystyle 22.5 \frac{N}{C} in the \displaystyle +x direction

\displaystyle 22.5 \frac{N}{C} in the \displaystyle -x direction

\displaystyle 5.24 \frac{N}{C} in the \displaystyle +y direction

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 22.5 \frac{N}{C} in the \displaystyle -x direction

Explanation:

First, let's calculate the electric field at C due to point A.

\displaystyle E_{1}=k\frac{Q_{1}}{R^2}

\displaystyle E_{2}=k\frac{Q_{2}}{R^2}

We can tell that the net electric field will be in the \displaystyle -x direction.

\displaystyle E_{net}=E_{2}-E_{1}

\displaystyle E_{net}=\frac{k\cdot 10^{-9}}{1^2}(3-\frac{1}{2})

\displaystyle E_{net}= 22.5 \frac{N}{C} in the \displaystyle -x direction.

Example Question #1 : Electric Fields

What is the electric field \displaystyle 15m away from a particle with a charge of \displaystyle 15mC?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 6\frac{N}{C} away from the charged particle

\displaystyle 6\cdot 10^5\frac{N}{C} towards the charged particle

\displaystyle 6\cdot 10^5\frac{N}{C} away from the charged particle

\displaystyle 6\cdot 10^8\frac{N}{C} towards the charged particle

\displaystyle 6\cdot 10^3\frac{N}{C} away from the charged particle

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 6\cdot 10^5\frac{N}{C} away from the charged particle

Explanation:

Use the equation to find the magnitude of an electric field at a point.

\displaystyle E_{field}=\frac{kq}{r^2} 

\displaystyle E_{field}=9\cdot10^{9}\frac{N\cdot m^{2}}{C^{2}}\cdot\frac{15mC}{(15m)^{2}}

Solve.

\displaystyle E_{field}=600000=6\cdot 10^5\frac{N}{C}

Since it is a positive charge, the electric field lines will be pointing away from the charged particle.

Example Question #1 : Electric Fields

You are at point (0,5). A charge of \displaystyle -50nC is placed at the origin. What charge would you need to place at (0,-3) to cause there to be no net electric field at your location.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle -64nC

\displaystyle 128nC

\displaystyle -128nC

None of these

\displaystyle 64nC

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 128nC

Explanation:

We will need to use the electric field equation, twice. Because we are given coordinates, we will need to use vector notation.

\displaystyle E_{total}=E_{1}+E_{2}

\displaystyle E_{1}=k\frac{q_{1}}{r_{1}^2} \widehat{r_1}

\displaystyle E_{2}=k\frac{q_{2}}{r_{2}^2} \widehat{r_{2}}

Combine the two equations.

\displaystyle E_{total}=k\frac{q_{1}}{r_{1}^2} \widehat{r_1} + k\frac{q_{2}}{r_{2}^2} \widehat{r_2}

Plug in known values. 

\displaystyle 0 = \frac{50 nC}{5^2}\frac{< 0, 5>}{5}+ \frac{q_2}{8^2}\frac{< 0, 8>}{8} 

\displaystyle q_2 = 128 nC

Note that the charge is positive. This is because the electric field lines point towards the negative charge at the origin, and in order to balance this at your location, the electric field lines of the charge at (0,-3) must be pointing away from the charge.

Example Question #4 : Electric Fields

Potential problem

 

In the diagram above where along the line connecting the two charges is the electric potential \displaystyle (V) due to the two charges zero?

Possible Answers:

There is no point on the line where the electric potential is zero

\displaystyle 1.2 m to the right of \displaystyle Q_A

\displaystyle 1.2 m to the left of \displaystyle Q_B

\displaystyle 1.2 m to the right of \displaystyle Q_B

\displaystyle 1.2 m to the left from \displaystyle Q_A

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 1.2 m to the right of \displaystyle Q_A

Explanation:

Potential is not a vector, so we just add up the two potentials and set them to each other. The equation for electric potential is:

\displaystyle V=\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}\frac{q}{r}

\displaystyle \frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}\frac{Q_A}{d}=\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}\frac{Q_B}{(2-d)} 

If the point we are looking for is distance \displaystyle d from \displaystyle Q_A, it's \displaystyle (2-d) from \displaystyle Q_B. Cancel all the common terms, then cross-multiply:

\displaystyle \frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}\frac{3\times10^{-9}}{d}=\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}\frac{2\times10^{-9}}{(2-d)}

\displaystyle \frac{3}{d}=\frac{2}{(2-d)}

\displaystyle 3(2-d)=2d

\displaystyle d=1.2 m 

Since we had \displaystyle d associated with \displaystyle Q_A, it's from that charge toward the weaker charge.

Example Question #1 : Electric Fields

Electric field problem

In the diagram above, where is the electric field due to the two charges zero?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 0.56 m to the right of \displaystyle Q_B

\displaystyle 0.56 m to the right of \displaystyle Q_A

\displaystyle 0.56 m to the left of \displaystyle Q_B

There is no point where the electric field is zero

\displaystyle 0.56 m to the left of \displaystyle Q_A

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 0.56 m to the right of \displaystyle Q_A

Explanation:

Electric field is a vector. In between the charges is where \displaystyle Q_A's field points right and \displaystyle Q_B's field points left, so somewhere in between, the two vectors will add to zero. It will be closer to the weaker charge, \displaystyle Q_B, but since field depends on the inverse-square of the distance, it will not be linear, and we'll have to do some math.

First set the magnitudes of the two fields equal to each other. The vectors point in opposite directions, so when their magnitudes are equal, the vector sum is zero.

\displaystyle E_A=E_B \newline \frac{1}{4\pi _0}\frac{Q_A}{d_A^2}=\frac{1}{4\pi _0}\frac{Q_B}{d_B^2}\newline \frac{1}{4\pi _0}\frac{5\times10^{-9}}{d_A^2}=\frac{1}{4\pi _0}\frac{3\times10^{-9}}{(1-d_A)^{2}} \newline \frac{5}{d_A^{2}}=\frac{3}{(1-d_A)^{2}}

Many of the terms cancel, making it a bit easier. Now cross multiply and solve the quadratic:

\displaystyle 2d_A^{2}-10d_A +5=0

\displaystyle d_A=0.56 m

Example Question #6 : Electric Fields

Coloumbs law for varsity

If charge \displaystyle A has a value of \displaystyle -9*10^{-13}C, charge \displaystyle B has a value of\displaystyle 8*10^{-13}C, and \displaystyle r is equal to \displaystyle 50 cm, what will be the magnitude of the force experienced by charge \displaystyle B?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle |F|=2.59*10^{-14}N

\displaystyle |F|=6.75*10^{-14}N

\displaystyle |F|=1.11*10^{-14}N

\displaystyle |F|=5.55*10^{-14}N

None of these

Correct answer:

\displaystyle |F|=2.59*10^{-14}N

Explanation:

Using coulombs law to solve

\displaystyle F=k\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}

 Where:

\displaystyle q_1 it the first charge, in coulombs.

\displaystyle q_2 is the second charge, in coulombs.

\displaystyle r is the distance between them, in meters

\displaystyle k is the constant of \displaystyle 9*10^9\frac{N*m^2}{C^2}

Converting \displaystyle cm into \displaystyle m

\displaystyle 50cm*\frac{1m}{100cm}=.50m

Plugging values into coulombs law

\displaystyle F=9*10^{9}\frac{-9*10^{-13}8*10^{-13}}{.50^2}

\displaystyle F=-2.59*10^{-14}N

Magnitude will be the absolute value

\displaystyle |F|=2.59*10^{-14}N

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