The correct response is Norman Borlaug. He is regarded as the "Father of the Green Revolution" and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. His work specialized in creating high-yielding varieties of crops, such as wheat, to increase the global food supply.

The correct response is polyculture. A polyculture describes a farm that grows more than one crop together on the same field. This is also referred to as diversified farming and intercropping. Subsistence farming is incorrect because this describes a farming who grows food for just his family. Since Greg has 1000 acres, this answer choice doesn't make sense. Monoculture describes a farmer who grows only one crop.

The correct response is over-nutrition. Children that face over-nutrition eat more daily calories than are necessary for health. There is not enough evidence to suggest any specific nutritional deficiency, especially in an upper class child.

The correct response is diversified farming. All of the other answer choices involving degrading the landscape, whereas diversified farming restores the landscape's nutrients by cycling the nutrients of the land in a proportional manner, rather than exhausting a specific nutrient/resource by exercising intensive farming.

The correct response is subsistence agriculture. The definition of subsistence agriculture is planting enough for just your family. We don't  that what she is doing is sustainable - she could be dumping chemicals and destroying biodiversity for all we know. The key is that we know that she is planting just enough food for her family.

The correct response is monoculture farming. Mono = one. Gary only plants 1 crop at a time so his farm is a monoculture. If he planted more than one crop at a time, then you could call his farm a polyculture (poly = many) or diversified farming. If he was interested in managing his farm for biodiversity, then you could say he is engaging in agroecology farming. 

A plant almost never uses as much fertilizer as it is given, and in the case of synthetic fertilizers especially, the nutrients are also often over-applied for efficiency's sake. This over-application leads to fertilizer buildup in the soil as more and more goes unused. When certain concentrations of the fertilizers are reached, the chemicals in the fertilizer form salts, leading to what we call soil salinization, which is a condition where plants can't grow very well.

While tilling aerates the soil, which makes planting easier, it does so at the cost of killing many soil organisms and disturbing the soil microbiome, leading to soil microorganism death as well. Tilling also increases soil erodibility so wind and other disturbances are more likely to erode away the topsoil.

A very large collection of the same species, such as a large field of one type of crop only, is extremely attractive to species-specific pests, which only see a great deal of food. This means monoculture farmers need to use a lot of pesticide. Such collections are also very vulnerable to disease; because all of the plants in a field are identical, this means a single fungus or virus can infect them all very easily. Finally, every plant needs the same kind of nutrient, which means they use up what's in the soil very quickly. This means monoculture farmers also need to use lots of fertilizer.

During the 1930s and 40s, "miracle" rice and dwarf wheat varieties were developed by Norman Borlaug in the countries named. The rest of the innovations listed came later.