AP Biology : Understanding Carbohydrates

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Biology

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Example Questions

Example Question #21 : Understanding Carbohydrates

Which of the following is defined as a polysaccharide energy source stored by animals?

Possible Answers:

None of these

Glycogen

Cellulose

Starch

Correct answer:

Glycogen

Explanation:

Glycogen is a polysaccharide used as energy storage in animals. Glycogen is a polymer made up of glucose units and undergoes hydrolysis to release glucose when demand for sugar increases.

Example Question #21 : Macromolecules

Which of the following is a major component found in the walls that enclose plant cells?

Possible Answers:

Starch

Chitin 

Glycogen

Cellulose

Correct answer:

Cellulose

Explanation:

The polysaccharide cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls. Similar to starch, cellulose is made up of glucose though the linkages in the polymers are different.

Example Question #51 : Ap Biology

Which of the following is a component of starch, cellulose, and glycogen?

Possible Answers:

Amino acids

Protein

Lipids

Glucose

Correct answer:

Glucose

Explanation:

Starch, cellulose and glycogen are all made up of units of glucose; however, their overall structures and configurations differ.

Example Question #21 : Understanding Carbohydrates

Which of the following is true of amino acids, but not of carbohydrates?

Possible Answers:

The presence of nitrogen atoms

The presence of hydrogen atoms

The presence of oxygen atoms

They are linked together by covalent bonds through dehydration synthesis

The presence of carbon atoms

Correct answer:

The presence of nitrogen atoms

Explanation:

Amino acids get the first half of their names from the presence of an amine group , which contains the nitrogen atom. All of the other answer choices are true for both amino acids and carbohydrates.

Example Question #21 : Understanding Carbohydrates

Which of the following molecules is unique to arthropods and some types of fungi?

Possible Answers:

Cellulose

Chitin

Glycogen

Starch

Correct answer:

Chitin

Explanation:

Arthropods use the polysaccharide chitin to build their exoskeletons. Certain types of fungi also use chitin instead of cellulose for building their cell walls.

Example Question #53 : Ap Biology

Arthropods use which of the following carbohydrates to construct their exoskeletons?

Possible Answers:

Cellulose

Starch

Chitin

Glycogen

Correct answer:

Chitin

Explanation:

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide used by arthropods to build their exoskeletons. Chitin is also found in fungi as well. Cellulose is the structural component found in the cell walls of plants.

Example Question #51 : Biochemical Concepts

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

Possible Answers:

Wax

Hemoglobin

DNA

Chitin

Correct answer:

Chitin

Explanation:

Chitin is a type of polysaccharide that is present in the exoskeletons of arthropods, and is the primary substance of the cell wall of fungi. In general, polysaccharides are chains of simple sugars. Another example of a polysaccharide is starch. Waxes are types of lipids. Hemoglobin is a protein, which is made of amino acids. DNA is a nucleic acid, which is a polymer of nucleotides.

Example Question #51 : Ap Biology

Which of the following are true of glycogen?

I. Glucagon stimulates its breakdown

II. It is a polysaccharide of fructose

III. It is found in plant cell walls

Possible Answers:

III only

II only 

I, II, and III

I only

I and II

Correct answer:

I only

Explanation:

The pancreas secretes glucagon to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen; insulin is secreted to stimulate its assembly in liver and muscle. Glycogen is, in fact, a polysaccharide. However, it is made up of glucose not fructose. Finally, plant cell walls contain cellulose. While similar to glycogen, cellulose is made of beta glucose linkages instead of alpha glucose linkages, causing cellulose to be a more linear polysaccharide while glycogen contains curving branches.

Example Question #54 : Ap Biology

Which of the following best describes the form that sugar is stored as in the human body?

Possible Answers:

None of these

DNA

Protein

Cellulose

Glycogen

Correct answer:

Glycogen

Explanation:

Glucose is collectively stored in chains called glycogen. Glycogen can be broken down via glycogenolysis into individual glucose monomers, which the body can catabolize and convert to energy—ATP.

Example Question #61 : Biochemical Concepts

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Possible Answers:

Glucose

Sucrose

Starch

Maltose

Correct answer:

Glucose

Explanation:

Glucose is a monosaccharide, consisting of one 6-carbon ring.  Sucrose and maltose are disaccharides, and starch is a polysaccharide chain of glucose units.

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