DNA is a macromolecule that has a double helical form. It has four nitrogenous base pairs (thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine) and a deoxyribose-phosphate backbone. The two strands of the helix are joined by hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, RNA molecules can be double-stranded (e.g. viruses) or single-stranded (e.g. mRNA), but RNA most commonly exists in a single-stranded form. RNA contains four base pairs (uracil, adenine, cytosine, and guanine) and a ribose sugar-phosphate backbone. Despite their differences, these molecules share one similarity: both DNA and RNA molecules can be found in the nucleus. DNA molecules reside solely within the nucleus. RNA is transcribed in the nucleus and, once targeted and post-transcriptionally modified, can leave via nuclear pores.

DNA encodes information for the production of messenger RNA which then interacts with the cell's protein-synthesizing machinery to produce proteins. Ribosomes are the sites of polypeptide synthesis but are not coded for by RNA. The central dogma of biology is DNA  RNA  protein

Remember that the sugar for DNA is deoxyribose, and that for RNA is ribose. The nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine in DNA and RNA are the same. However, DNA which contains thymine and RNA that contains uracil. The structure of DNA is a double helix. There are three different structures of RNA: linear, clover-leaf, and globular. Also note that RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded

The genome is defined as the total genetic library of a cell. It is estimate that in humans, the genome codes for about 25,000 different genes.

Chromatin is the DNA-protein complex and is organized as a long, thin fiber. Chromosomes are densely-packed chromatin, wrapped around proteins called histones. The centromere is the region of a condensed chromosome that connects sister chromatids to each other, and is the site at which the spindle fibers attach during mitosis in order to move them about the cytoplasm.

In RNA, thymine is substituted by uracil. So adenine will bond to uracil instead of thymine when RNA interacts with DNA and when RNA folds with itself to make a 3-dimensional structure.

Uracil is a nitrogenous base that is only found in single-stranded RNA—it is not found in DNA. Thymine pairs with adenine in DNA, whereas in RNA, uracil pairs with adenine.

Uracil is the base pair that is used in ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the place of thymine. The other three bases adenine, guanine and cytosine are found in both DNA and RNA.

Uracil is only found in RNA under normal conditions. It replaces thymine, which is only found in DNA. Therefore, thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine are the bases found in DNA, and uracil, adenine, cytosine, and guanine are the bases found in RNA.

Watson and Crick were the two scientists who developed the model of DNA as a double helix in 1953.