In order to solve this problem, it is imperative that you remember that RNA replaces thymine with uracil. This automatically eliminates three of the answer choices. Next, the RNA strand must have nucleotides that pair up with the DNA nucleotides (adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine). For example, if DNA has a nucleotide of G, the RNA would have a nucleotide of C. Finally, since the strands must be antiparallel to one another, the mRNA must start with a 5' and end with a 3'. Thus, our answer is 5'-UAGGGUCCAUGG-3'. 

Below is a side by side comparison:

3'-ATCCCAGGTACC-5'  (DNA)

5'-UAGGGUCCAUGG-3 (mRNA)

Chromosomal related mutations include deletion, duplication, inversion, or translocation. Nondisjunction is a faulty separation event of homologous chromosomes but does not necessarily involve improper chromosome structures. Independent assortment is a mendelian inheritance principle which states chromosomes are divided randomly into two daughter cells. Synapsis is a normal pairing up event of homologous chromosomes in prophase I. Polyploidy is a condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes and is typically a characteristic of a species, not an abnormality.

The substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine, or vice versa, is called a transversion. The substitution of one purine for another or one pyrimidine for another is called a transition. Either of these can be referred to as a point mutation, but transversion is the most specific answer to this question.

Nucleic acids are made up of nitrogenous bases and a sugar-phosphate backbone. The sugar will vary depending on if it is an RNA or DNA molecule that's being discussed. RNA has ribose while DNA has deoxyribose. The nitrogenous bases are guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine and uracil. Tyrosine is an amino acid, therefore not involved in the composition of nucleic acids.

The three major components of a nucleotide in DNA are phosphate, deoxyribose, and one of the four nitrogenous bases. The phosphate and deoxyribose alternate along the backbone, and the nitrogenous base codes for the type of protein made in transcription and translation.

In the DNA strand, adenine bonds to thymine. It does not bond to the other bases in DNA. In RNA, adenine bonds to uracil.

In the DNA strand, guanine bonds to cytosine. It does not bond to the other nitrogenous bases. Guanine and cytosine form three hydrogen bonds to keep complementary strands of DNA together.

One of the primary differences between purines and pyrimidines is that purines consist of two rings, whereas the pyrimidines consist of one ring. One way to help remember the differences between purines and pyrimidines is that pyrimidines are like pyramids: sharp. Sharp things CUT (Cytosine Uracil Thymine). Note that uracil is only present in RNA, while thymine is only present in DNA. All nitrogenous bases bond to the sugar in the DNA backbone. The sugar is also connected to a phosphate group via a phosphodiester bond.

Purines are adenine and guanine, while pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

The hnRNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA) produced from transcription must be processed by several enzymes to create an mRNA (messenger RNA) product that can pass from the nucleus to the cytoplasm without degrading. This involves cutting out introns, which remain in the nucleus, and splicing exons together. Furthermore, a methylguanine cap is added to the 5' end and a poly-A tail is added to the 3' end.