Algebra II : Quadratic Functions

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Algebra II

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : Parabolic Functions

Find the location of the vertex of the parabola:  \(\displaystyle y=2(3x+3x^2)\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{1}{4}\)

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle x=-1\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{1}{2}\)

Explanation:

Multiply the two through the binomial.

\(\displaystyle y=2(3x+3x^2) = 6x+6x^2 = 6x^2+6x\)

Now that this is in the order of the polynomial \(\displaystyle y=ax^2+bx+c\), we can use the vertex formula.

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{b}{2a}\)

Substitute the known coefficients.

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{b}{2a} =-\frac{6}{2(6)}=-\frac{1}{2}\)

The answer is:  \(\displaystyle x=-\frac{1}{2}\)

Example Question #11 : Parabolic Functions

Find the location of the vertex for the parabola.  Is it a max or min?   

\(\displaystyle y=-2x^2+6x+7\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \textup{Min at }x=\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle \textup{Max at }y=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle \textup{Max at }x=\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle \textup{Max at }x=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle \textup{Min at }x=\frac{3}{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \textup{Max at }x=\frac{3}{2}\)

Explanation:

The polynomial is written in the form of:  \(\displaystyle y=ax^2+bx+c\)

This is the standard form for a parabola.

Write the vertex formula, and substitute the known values:

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{b}{2a}=-\frac{6}{2(-2)} = \frac{6}{4} =\frac{3}{2}\)

The vertex is at:  \(\displaystyle x=\frac{3}{2}\)

Since the coefficient of \(\displaystyle a\) is negative, the curve will open downward, and will have a maximum.

The answer is:  \(\displaystyle \textup{Max at }x=\frac{3}{2}\)

Example Question #411 : Functions And Graphs

A particular parabola has it's vertex at \(\displaystyle (-5,-5)\), and an x-intercept at the origin. Determine the equation of the parabola.

Possible Answers:

None of these

\(\displaystyle .2x^2+2x=y\)

\(\displaystyle x^2+10x=y\)

\(\displaystyle x^2+2x=y\)

\(\displaystyle x^2+5x=y\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle .2x^2+2x=y\)

Explanation:

General parabola equation:

\(\displaystyle ax^2+bx+c=y\)

Vertex formula:

\(\displaystyle h=\frac{-b}{2a}\)

Where \(\displaystyle h\) is the \(\displaystyle x\) value at the vertex.

Combining equations:

\(\displaystyle ax^2-2ahx+c=y\)

Plugging in values for vertex:

\(\displaystyle a(-5)^2-2a(-5)(-5)+c=(-5)\)

Solving for \(\displaystyle c\):

\(\displaystyle c=25a-5\)

Returning to:

\(\displaystyle ax^2+bx+c=y\)

combining equations:

\(\displaystyle ax^2+bx+25a-5=y\)

Plugging in values of given intercept:

\(\displaystyle a*0^2+b*0+25a-5=0\)

Solving for \(\displaystyle a\)

\(\displaystyle a=.2\)

Plugging in value:

\(\displaystyle c=25(.2)-5\)

\(\displaystyle c=0\)

Plugging in values for the vertex:

\(\displaystyle .2(-5)^2+b(-5)+0=(-5)\)

\(\displaystyle 5-5b=-5\)

\(\displaystyle b=2\)

Final equation:

\(\displaystyle .2x^2+2x=y\)

Example Question #931 : Algebra Ii

Which of the following functions represents a parabola?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle f(x) = \frac{4x^{2}}{x^{3}}\)

\(\displaystyle f(x) = x^{2} - 9\)

\(\displaystyle f(x) = 5\)

\(\displaystyle f(x) = x^{2} - y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle f(x) = x\) 

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle f(x) = x^{2} - 9\)

Explanation:

A parabola is a curve that can be represented by a quadratic equation.  The only quadratic here is represented by the function \(\displaystyle f(x) = x^{2} - 9\), while the others represent straight lines, circles, and other curves.

Example Question #14 : Quadratic Functions

What is the point of the vertex of the parabola \(\displaystyle y=3(3-2x)^2-1\)?  Is it a maximum or minimum?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle ( \frac{3}{2},-1), \textup{Maximum}\)

\(\displaystyle ( \frac{3}{2},-1), \textup{Minimum}\)

\(\displaystyle ( \frac{2}{3},\frac{22}{3}), \textup{Maximum}\)

\(\displaystyle ( \frac{2}{3},\frac{22}{3}), \textup{Minimum}\)

\(\displaystyle ( -\frac{3}{2},107), \textup{Maximum}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle ( \frac{3}{2},-1), \textup{Minimum}\)

Explanation:

It is not necessary to FOIL the binomial in order to solve for the vertex.  Switch the terms of the quantity \(\displaystyle (3-2x)\), and this equation will be in vertex form:

\(\displaystyle y=a(x-h)^2+k\)

\(\displaystyle y=3(-2x+3)^2-1\)

Set the inner quantity equal to zero.

\(\displaystyle -2x+3 = 0\)

Subtract three on both sides.

\(\displaystyle -2x+3 -3= 0-3\)

\(\displaystyle -2x=-3\)

Divide by negative two on both sides.

\(\displaystyle \frac{-2x}{-2}=\frac{-3}{-2}\)

The location of the vertex is at \(\displaystyle x = \frac{3}{2}\).

To determine the point, substitute the value \(\displaystyle x = \frac{3}{2}\) back to the original equation.

\(\displaystyle y=3(3-2(\frac{3}{2}))^2-1 = 3(3-3)^2-1 = 0-1 = -1\)

The point of the vertex is at:   \(\displaystyle ( \frac{3}{2},-1)\)

Since this parabola opens upward, the point of the vertex will be a minimum.

The answer is:  \(\displaystyle ( \frac{3}{2},-1), \textup{Minimum}\)

Example Question #932 : Algebra Ii

Where is the vertex located for the given function?  \(\displaystyle y=-2x^2-x-1\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle (-\frac{1}{4},-\frac{5}{8})\)

\(\displaystyle (-\frac{1}{4},-\frac{7}{8})\)

\(\displaystyle (-\frac{1}{4},\frac{5}{8})\)

\(\displaystyle (-\frac{1}{4},-\frac{11}{8})\)

\(\displaystyle (\frac{1}{4},-\frac{11}{8})\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle (-\frac{1}{4},-\frac{7}{8})\)

Explanation:

Write the vertex formula.

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{b}{2a}\)

The given equation is already in standard polynomial form.

\(\displaystyle a=-2, b=-1, c=-1\)

Substitute the known values into the formula.

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{b}{2a}=-\frac{-1}{2(-2)} = -\frac{1}{4}\)

Substitute this value back into the original equation to determine the y value.

\(\displaystyle y=-2(-\frac{1}{4})^2-(-\frac{1}{4})-1\)

Simplify this expression.

\(\displaystyle y=-2(\frac{1}{16})+\frac{1}{4}-1 = -\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{4}-1\)

\(\displaystyle y=-\frac{1}{8}+\frac{2}{8}-\frac{8}{8}=-\frac{7}{8}\)

The vertex is located at:  \(\displaystyle (-\frac{1}{4},-\frac{7}{8})\)

Example Question #12 : Parabolic Functions

Which of these functions represent a parabola? 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 0=3x^2+7-y\)

\(\displaystyle y=5x-4\)

\(\displaystyle y^2=x^2\)

\(\displaystyle y=2x^3+2x^2+4\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 0=3x^2+7-y\)

Explanation:

A parabola is a curve that is represented by a quadratic function. In this case, the only answer that qualifies is \(\displaystyle 0=3x^2+7-y\).  The other answers represent straight lines, and other types of curves. 

Example Question #13 : Parabolic Functions

Where is the vertex located for  \(\displaystyle y=5x-3x^2\) ?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle (-\frac{5}{6},-\frac{25}{4} )\)

\(\displaystyle (\frac{5}{6},\frac{25}{12} )\)

\(\displaystyle (-\frac{5}{6},-\frac{75}{4} )\)

\(\displaystyle (\frac{3}{10}, \frac{123}{100})\)

\(\displaystyle (\frac{5}{6},\frac{75}{4} )\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle (\frac{5}{6},\frac{25}{12} )\)

Explanation:

Rewrite the equation in standard polynomial form.

\(\displaystyle y=ax^2+bx+c\)

\(\displaystyle y=-3x^2+5x\)

\(\displaystyle a=-3, b=5, c=0\)

Write the vertex formula and substitute the known coefficients.

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{b}{2a} = -\frac{5}{2(-3)} = \frac{5}{6}\)

The x-value of the vertex is \(\displaystyle \frac{5}{6}\).

Substitute this value back to the original equation.

\(\displaystyle y=-3(\frac{5}{6})^2+5(\frac{5}{6})\)

\(\displaystyle y=-3(\frac{5}{6})(\frac{5}{6})+5(\frac{5}{6})\)

\(\displaystyle y=-\frac{25}{12}+\frac{25}{6} = -\frac{25}{12}+\frac{25(2)}{6(2)} =-\frac{25}{12}+\frac{50}{12}\)

\(\displaystyle y=\frac{25}{12}\)

The vertex is located at:  \(\displaystyle (\frac{5}{6},\frac{25}{12} )\)

Example Question #412 : Functions And Graphs

Determine the vertex given the function:  \(\displaystyle y=3x^2-6\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \left(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{21}{4}\right)\)

\(\displaystyle \left(-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{21}{4}\right)\)

\(\displaystyle (-2,6)\)

\(\displaystyle (2,6)\)

\(\displaystyle (0,-6)\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle (0,-6)\)

Explanation:

The parabola is provided in the form of \(\displaystyle y=ax^2+bx+c\).

Notice that the variable \(\displaystyle b\) in this equation is zero.

This means that:  

\(\displaystyle x=-\frac{b}{2a} = 0\)

Substitute this value back into the original equation \(\displaystyle y=3x^2-6\) to determine the y-value.

\(\displaystyle y=3(0)^2-6\)

\(\displaystyle y=-6\)

The vertex is located at:  \(\displaystyle (0,-6)\)

Example Question #1 : Graphing Parabolas

All of the following are equations of down-facing parabolas EXCEPT:

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle y = -(x+3)^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle y = -6(x+4)^{2} -6\)

\(\displaystyle y = -6(x-4)^{2} -6\)

\(\displaystyle x = 2(y+3)^{2} -5\)

\(\displaystyle y = -x^{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle x = 2(y+3)^{2} -5\)

Explanation:

A parabola that opens downward has the general formula

\(\displaystyle y = -(x-a)^{2} + b\),

as the negative sign in front of the \(\displaystyle (x-a)\) term makes flips the parabola about the horizontal axis.  

By contrast, a parabola of the form \(\displaystyle x = y^{2}\) rotates about the vertical axis, not the horizontal axis. 

Therefore, \(\displaystyle x = 2(y+3)^{2} -5\) is not the equation for a parabola that opens downward.

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