The widespread use of contemporary inventions such as the railroad, telegraph, mass-produced weapons, and mobilized factories are what lead to the Civil War being labeled as an "industrial war."

Sherman invaded from Chattanooga, Tennessee in May, 1964, resulting in the fall of the city on September 2. He battled Confederate General Joseph Johnston and Jon Bell Hood. After the fall of Atlanta, he began "Sherman's March to the Sea", an operation deep within enemy territory that focused on gaining supplies as they went and leaving wasteland in the army's path.

Pax Britannica spanned from 1815-1914, beginning after the British victory in the Napoleonic Wars and ending with the beginning of World War I – the first major international conflict in a century.

The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299 from a Turkic tribe known as Oghuz Turks, led by Osman I.

After being conquered in 1453 by the Ottomans, the city of Constantinople became the city of Istanbul, replacing the former Ottoman capital of Adrianople or Edrene.

The First British Empire was predominately focused on Britain’s Western expansion across the Atlantic Oceans and its holdings in the Americas (along with some influence in India and China). The successful revolt of the Americans in 1776 was a powerful blow to the imperial influence of Great Britain and significantly shrunk the scope of its power at the time.

Mercantilism is an economic theory that focuses on controlling economic growth for the purpose of growing state power. Britain’s system of mercantilism for its colonies involved collecting raw resources and unfinished goods from colonial workers and then selling the completed products out of Britain to accumulate wealth. In Britain’s original empire, the American colonies were a good example of sending resources only found in their areas across the Atlantic to Britain.

Although triangle trade can refer to multiple different trading scenarios between three areas, the classic triangle trade example in World History is the Atlantic Slave Trade. In this trading route, slaves were brought from Africa to the Americas, where they would be used to produce resources that were brought to Europe for processing and sale.

From around 1815-1914, the world enjoyed a mostly peaceful existence with no great international wars. This period is attributed to Britain’s widespread power and hegemonic influence, deterring and settling potential conflicts before they could escalate. The exception might be the Crimean War, fought to stop Russian aggression in the Crimea.

The Middle Passage was the most iconic side of the triangle trade, transporting millions of enslaved African natives across the Atlantic Ocean for approximately four centuries.