SAT Math : Algebra

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #491 : Algebra

What is the value of \(\displaystyle n\) such that \(\displaystyle 2^n=4^2*16^3*32^2\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 62\)

\(\displaystyle 480\)

\(\displaystyle 240\)

\(\displaystyle 12\)

\(\displaystyle 26\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 26\)

Explanation:

We can solve by converting all terms to a base of two. 4, 16, and 32 can all be expressed in terms of 2 to a standard exponent value.

\(\displaystyle 4=2^2\rightarrow 4^2=(2^2)^2\)

\(\displaystyle 16=2^4\rightarrow 16^3=(2^4)^3\)

\(\displaystyle 32=2^5\rightarrow 32^2=(2^5)^2\)

We can rewrite the original equation in these terms.

\(\displaystyle 2^n=(2^2)^2*(2^4)^3*(2^5)^2\)

Simplify exponents.

\(\displaystyle 2^n=(2^4)*(2^{12})*(2^{10})\)

Finally, combine terms.

\(\displaystyle 2^n=2^{4+12+10}=2^{26}\)

From this equation, we can see that \(\displaystyle n=26\).

Example Question #492 : Algebra

Solve for x\(\displaystyle x\):

\(\displaystyle 4^{4}+4^{4}+4^{4}+4^{4}=2^{x}\)

Possible Answers:

6\(\displaystyle 6\)

11\(\displaystyle 11\)

9\(\displaystyle 9\)

10\(\displaystyle 10\)

8\(\displaystyle 8\)

Correct answer:

10\(\displaystyle 10\)

Explanation:

Combining the powers, we get 1024=2^{x}\(\displaystyle 1024=2^{x}\).

From here we can use logarithms, or simply guess and check to get x=10\(\displaystyle x=10\).

Example Question #493 : Algebra

Simplify:

\(\displaystyle x^{4}\cdot x^{5}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle x^{9}\)

\(\displaystyle x\)

\(\displaystyle x^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle x^{7}\)

\(\displaystyle x^{10}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle x^{9}\)

Explanation:

When multiplying exponents with the same base, we use the rules of exponents.

This means you must simply add the exponents together as shown below:

\(\displaystyle x^{4}\cdot x^{5} = x^{4+5} = x^{9}\)

Example Question #6 : How To Add Exponents

Simplify:  y3x4(yx3 + y2x2 + y15 + x22)

Possible Answers:

y3x12 + y6x8 + y45 + x88

y3x12 + y6x8 + y45x4 + y3x88

2x4y4 + 7y15 + 7x22

y3x12 + y12x8 + y24x4 + y3x23

y4x7 + y5x6 + y18x4 + y3x26

Correct answer:

y4x7 + y5x6 + y18x4 + y3x26

Explanation:

When you multiply exponents, you add the common bases:

y4 x7 + y5x6 + y18x4 + y3x26

Example Question #1 : How To Add Exponents

If \(\displaystyle \frac{3^{y - 1}}{3^{-2}} = 27^{y}3^{y}\), what is the value of \(\displaystyle y\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 4\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{2}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 3\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\)

Explanation:

Rewrite the term on the left as a product. Remember that negative exponents shift their position in a fraction (denominator to numerator).

\(\displaystyle 3^{y-1}*3^2=27^y3^y\)

The term on the right can be rewritten, as 27 is equal to 3 to the third power.

\(\displaystyle 3^{y-1}*3^2=(3^3)^y*3^y\)

Exponent rules dictate that multiplying terms allows us to add their exponents, while one term raised to another allows us to multiply exponents.

\(\displaystyle 3^{(y-1)+2}=(3)^{3y}*3^y\)

\(\displaystyle 3^{y+1}=3^{3y+y}=3^{4y}\)

We now know that the exponents must be equal, and can solve for \(\displaystyle y\).

\(\displaystyle y+1=4y\)

\(\displaystyle 1=3y\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}=y\)

 

Example Question #2 : How To Add Exponents

If \(\displaystyle 5^2 \times 5^n = 5^{12}\), what is the value of \(\displaystyle n\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 14\)

\(\displaystyle 4\)

\(\displaystyle 24\)

\(\displaystyle 10\)

\(\displaystyle 6\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 10\)

Explanation:

Since the base is 5 for each term, we can say 2 + n =12.  Solve the equation for n by subtracting 2 from both sides to get n = 10.

Example Question #84 : Exponential Operations

Simplify:  \(\displaystyle 3^2\times3^3\times3^{-4}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 1\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{9}\)

\(\displaystyle 9\)

\(\displaystyle 3\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3\)

Explanation:

To determine the value of this expression, it is not necessary to determine the values of each term's power.  Instead, since these powers have the same bases and are multiplied, the powers can be added.

\(\displaystyle 3^2\times3^3\times3^{-4} = 3^{2+3+(-4)} = 3^1=3\)

The answer is \(\displaystyle 3\).

 

Example Question #84 : Exponential Operations

If \(\displaystyle y = 5^{a} * 5^{b}\) and \(\displaystyle a + b = 3\), what is the value of \(\displaystyle y\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 150\)

\(\displaystyle 15\)

\(\displaystyle 5\)

\(\displaystyle 125\)

\(\displaystyle 1\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 125\)

Explanation:

Multiplying two exponents that have the same base is the equivalent of simply adding the exponents.

So \(\displaystyle y = 5^{a} * 5^{b}\) is the same as \(\displaystyle y = 5^{a + b}\), and if \(\displaystyle a + b = 3\), then \(\displaystyle y = 5^{3}\) or \(\displaystyle 125\)

Example Question #495 : Algebra

Evaluate:  \(\displaystyle 3^x+9^x\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 3^{3x}\)

\(\displaystyle 3^{x^2}\)

\(\displaystyle 12^x\)

\(\displaystyle 6x\)

\(\displaystyle 3^x+3^{2x}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3^x+3^{2x}\)

Explanation:

The exponents cannot be added unless the both bases are alike and similar bases must be multiplied with each other.  Rewrite the nine with a base of three.

\(\displaystyle 9=3^2\)

Rewrite the expression.  

\(\displaystyle 3^x+9^x= 3^x+3^{2x}\)

Do not add the exponents, since similar bases are added and are not multiplied with each other!

The answer is: \(\displaystyle 3^x+3^{2x}\)

Example Question #494 : Algebra

Simplify:

\(\displaystyle x^5y^4z^2 \cdot x^4y^5z^2\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle x^{20}y^{20}z^{4}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{x^5y^4z^2 }{x^4y^5z^2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0\)

\(\displaystyle xy^{-1}\)

\(\displaystyle x^9y^9z^4\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle x^9y^9z^4\)

Explanation:

When we multiply two polynomials with exponents, we add their exponents together. Therefore,

\(\displaystyle x^5y^4z^2 \cdot x^4y^5z^2 = x^9y^9z^4\)

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