The key thing to note in this sentence is that the vegetarians are described as eating more than plant products. The implication is that they cannot be called properly “animals eating only plant products.” Such animals are “herbivores,” a word constructed from the parts “herb-”, meaning “grass,” and “-vore,” literally meaning “to swallow.” The prefix is found in words like “herbicide” (something that kills grasses) and “herbal.” The latter is found in words like “voracious” (desiring much food) and the other “-vore” words like “omnivore” and “carnivore.”

Since the sentence is very vague regarding exactly what the crown matched on the King, the word to be chosen must likewise be vague. Although it is a bit old-fashioned, the word “raiment” means “clothing.” It is often used literarily, so the application to a king is perhaps somewhat understandable.

When someone does not charge an official fee, such a person might be given a small gift in return for his or her services. Such a gift is called an “honorarium”—an honorary payment that is not considered as an official reimbursement as much as a gift.

The general sense of the sentence is that each of the parts of the complex engine is just as intricate as the overall engine. The word “component” means “a part,” particularly “a part of a machine.” The word comes from the Latin meaning “put together.” The “together” is derived from the “com-” prefix which you likely know means “with.” The second half of the word is derived from the Latin for “to put or place” and is related to many other English words such as “position,” “postpone,” and “proponent.”

The implication of the sentence is that while the law had been passed, it was not put into official force because it needed explanation to the people. Although several options might seem appropriate, the best word is “promulgation.” In a broad sense, the word means “the act of making something known to many.” It has the further restricted sense of making a law known to many. This fits well with this sentence’s needs.

For this sentence, there are two possible ways of finding the answer. If you know the word “thurible,” you will know that such devices are used for the burning of incense. This immediately provides the answer; however, if you do not know that vocabulary item, it is likely that you know that the burning of incense gives off “vapors” in a smoky form.

The key word is “dwindled,” which describes the pile as shrinking. When something shrinks in size, it is said to “diminish” or to undergo “diminution.” These words are likewise related to English words having the prefix “mini” such as “miniature,” “minute,” and “minimal.”

Do not be fooled by the “Santa” or “mascot” options, which really have little to do with the description of Thomas’ enunciation and vocal tone. The most tempting trap answer is likely “announcer,” but one does not usually read a tale in the manner of being an announcer. (That type of proclamation more appropriately describes either an introduction to some other thing or the type of speaking done by one conveying some information at an event like a sports match.) The word “lector” literally means “reader.” While it is often used to describe one who reads scriptures in a church service, it does have the more general meaning of “reading.” It is derived from the Latin for “to read” and is related to English words like “legible,” “lectern,” and “lecture.”

The sentence only implies that the children are staying awake instead of sleeping late at night. When someone keeps awake in this manner, it is called a “vigil.” The term often has religious overtones, for Christian monks would “keep vigil” by praying late at night (or very early in the morning, depending on one’s perspective); however, it has the general sense of being “awake.” When someone is “vigilant,” he or she keeps watch for dangers in a “wakeful” manner.

The contrast in this sentence is between advanced studies and the basics necessary for them. The basic principles of a subject are called its “rudiments.” Something “rude” is something that is “uncultured” or (closer to its Latin bases) “unshaped” or “unmade.” When something is “rudimentary,” it is basic, not having been subjected to much elaboration and further development.