PSAT Math : Spheres

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for PSAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #14 : How To Find The Volume Of A Sphere

A solid hemisphere has a radius of length r. Let S be the number of square units, in terms of r, of the hemisphere's surface area. Let V be the number of cubic units, in terms of r, of the hemisphere's volume. What is the ratio of S to V?

Possible Answers:

\frac{9r}{2}

\frac{4r}{3}

\frac{9}{2r}

3r

\frac{3}{r}

Correct answer:

\frac{9}{2r}

Explanation:

First, let's find the surface area of the hemisphere. Because the hemisphere is basically a full sphere cut in half, we need to find half of the surface area of a full sphere. However, because the hemisphere also has a circular base, we must then add the area of the base.

S = \frac{1}{2}\cdot (surface area of sphere) + (surface area of base)

The surface area of a sphere with radius r is equal to 4\pi r^2. The surface area of the base is just equal to the surface area of a circle, which is \pi r^2.

S=\frac{1}{2}\cdot 4\pi r^2+\pi r^2=2\pi r^2+\pi r^2=3\pi r^2

The volume of the hemisphere is going to be half of the volume of an entire sphere. The volume for a full sphere is \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3.

V = \frac{1}{2}\cdot (volume of sphere)

V = \frac{1}{2}\cdot \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3=\frac{2}{3}\pi r^3

Ultimately, the question asks us to find the ratio of S to V. To do this, we can write S to V as a fraction.

\frac{S}{V}=\frac{3\pi r^2}{\frac{2}{3}\pi r^3}

In order to simplify this, let's multiply the numerator and denominator both by 3.

\frac{S}{V}=\frac{3\pi r^2}{\frac{2}{3}\pi r^3} = \frac{9\pi r^2}{2\pi r^3}=\frac{9}{2r}

The answer is \frac{9}{2r}.

Example Question #12 : Spheres

A water tank takes the shape of a sphere whose exterior has radius 16 feet; the tank is six inches thick throughout. To the nearest hundred, how many cubic feet of water does the tank hold?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Six inches is equal to 0.5 feet, so the radius of the interior of the tank is 

 feet.

The amount of water the tank holds is the volume of the interior of the tank, which is

,

which rounds to 15,600 cubic feet.

Example Question #781 : Sat Mathematics

A spherical orange fits snugly inside a small cubical box such that each of the six walls of the box just barely touches the surface of the orange.  If the volume of the box is 64 cubic inches, what is the surface area of the orange in square inches?

Possible Answers:

128π

256π

32π

16π

64π

Correct answer:

16π

Explanation:

The volume of a cube is found by V = s3.  Since V = 64, s = 4.  The side of the cube is the same as the diameter of the sphere.  Since d = 4, r = 2.  The surface area of a sphere is found by SA = 4π(r2) = 4π(22) = 16π.

Example Question #782 : Sat Mathematics

A solid sphere is cut in half to form two solid hemispheres. What is the ratio of the surface area of one of the hemispheres to the surface area of the entire sphere before it was cut?

Possible Answers:

3/2

2/3

1/2

3/4

1

Correct answer:

3/4

Explanation:

The surface area of the sphere before it was cut is equal to the following:

surface area of solid sphere = 4πr2, where r is the length of the radius.

Each hemisphere will have the following shape:

In order to determine the surface area of the hemisphere, we must find the surface area of the flat region and the curved region. The flat region will have a surface area equal to the area of a circle with radius r.

area of flat part of hemisphere = πr2

The surface area of the curved portion of the hemisphere will equal one-half of the surface area of the uncut sphere, which we established to be 4πr2.

area of curved part of hemisphere = (1/2)4πr= 2πr2

The total surface area of the hemisphere will be equal to the sum of the surface areas of the flat part and curved part of the hemisphere.

total surface area of hemisphere = πr+ 2πr= 3πr2

Finally, we must find the ratio of the surface area of the hemisphere to the surface area of the uncut sphere.

ratio = (3πr2)/(4πr2) = 3/4

The answer is 3/4.

Example Question #181 : Psat Mathematics

The volume of a sphere is 2304π in3.  What is the surface area of this sphere in square inches?

Possible Answers:

36π

144π

216π

576π

None of the other answers

Correct answer:

576π

Explanation:

To solve this, we must first begin by finding the radius of the sphere. To do this, recall that the volume of a sphere is:

V = (4/3)πr3

For our data, we can say:

2304π = (4/3)πr3; 2304 = (4/3)r3; 6912 = 4r3; 1728 = r3; 12 * 12 * 12 = r3; r = 12

Now, based on this, we can ascertain the surface area using the equation:

A = 4πr2

For our data, this is:

A = 4π*122 = 576π

Example Question #1 : Spheres

A sphere has its center at the origin.  A point on its surface is found on the x-y axis at (6,8).  In square units, what is the surface area of this sphere?

Possible Answers:

400π

(400/3)π

40π

200π

None of the other answers

Correct answer:

400π

Explanation:

To find the surface area, we must first find the radius.  Based on our description, this passes from (0,0) to (6,8).  This can be found using the distance formula:

62 + 82 = r2; r2 = 36 + 64; r2 = 100; r = 10

It should be noted that you could have quickly figured this out by seeing that (6,8) is the hypotenuse of a 6-8-10 triangle (which is a multiple of the "easy" 3-4-5).

The rest is easy.  The surface area of the sphere is defined by:

A = 4πr2 = 4 * 100 * π = 400π

Example Question #781 : Sat Mathematics

A sphere is perfectly contained within a cube that has a surface area of 726 square units. In square units, what is the surface area of the sphere?

Possible Answers:

None of the other answers

30.25π

484π

121π

11π

Correct answer:

121π

Explanation:

To begin, we must determine the dimensions of the cube. To do this, recall that the surface area of a cube is made up of six squares and is thus defined as: A = 6s2, where s is one of the sides of the cube. For our data, this gives us:

726 = 6s2; 121 = s2; s = 11

Now, if the sphere is contained within the cube, that means that 11 represents the diameter of the sphere. Therefore, the radius of the sphere is 5.5 units. The surface area of a sphere is defined as: A = 4πr2. For our data, that would be:

A = 4π * 5.52 = 30.25 * 4 * π = 121π

Example Question #3 : How To Find The Surface Area Of A Sphere

The area of a circle with radius 4 divided by the surface area of a sphere with radius 2 is equal to:

Possible Answers:

3

2

0.5

π

1

Correct answer:

1

Explanation:

The surface area of a sphere is 4πr2. The area of a circle is πr2. 16/16 is equal to 1.

Example Question #13 : Spheres

What is the ratio of the surface area of a cube to the surface area of a sphere inscribed within it?

Possible Answers:

6/π

2π

π/3

3/π

4/π

Correct answer:

6/π

Explanation:

Let's call the radius of the sphere r. The formula for the surface area of a sphere (A) is given below:

A = 4πr2

Because the sphere is inscribed inside the cube, the diameter of the sphere is equal to the side length of the cube. Because the diameter is twice the length of the radius, the diameter of the sphere is 2r. This means that the side length of the cube is also 2r

The surface area for a cube is given by the following formula, where s represents the length of each side of the cube:

surface area of cube = 6s2

The formula for surface area of a cube comes from the fact that each face of the cube has an area of s2, and there are 6 faces total on a cube. 

Since we already determined that the side length of the cube is the same as 2r, we can replace s with 2r.

surface area of cube = 6(2r)= 6(2r)(2r) = 24r2.

We are asked to find the ratio of the surface area of the cube to the surface area of the sphere. This means we must divide the surface area of the cube by the surface area of the sphere.

ratio = (24r2)/(4πr2)

The rterm cancels in the numerator and denominator. Also, 24/4 simplifes to 6.

ratio = (24r2)/(4πr2) = 6/π

The answer is 6/π.

Example Question #1 : How To Find The Surface Area Of A Sphere

What is the surface area of a hemisphere with a diameter of 4\ cm?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

A hemisphere is half of a sphere.  The surface area is broken into two parts:  the spherical part and the circular base. 

The surface area of a sphere is given by SA = 4\pi r^{2}.

So the surface area of the spherical part of a hemisphere is SA = 2\pi r^{2}

The area of the circular base is given by A = \pi r^{2}.  The radius to use is half the diameter, or 2 cm.

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