PSAT Math : PSAT Mathematics

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for PSAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #331 : Plane Geometry

Garden

Note:  Figure NOT drawn to scale

Refer to the above figure, which shows a rectangular garden (in green) surrounded by a dirt path (in orange) eight feet wide throughout. What is the area of that dirt path?

Possible Answers:

The correct area is not given among the other responses.

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The dirt path can be seen as the region between two rectangles. The outer rectangle has length and width 100 feet and 60 feet, respectively, so its area is 

 square feet.

 

The inner rectangle has length and width  feet and  feet, respectively, so its area is

 square feet.

 

The area of the path is the difference of the two:

 square feet.

Example Question #15 : How To Find The Area Of A Rectangle

Garden

Refer to the above figure, which shows a rectangular garden (in green) surrounded by a dirt path (in orange). The dirt path is seven feet wide throughout. Which of the following polynomials gives the area of the dirt path in square feet?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The area of the dirt path is the difference between the areas of the outer and inner rectangles.

The outer rectangle has area

 

The area of the inner rectangle can be found as follows:

The length of the garden is  feet less than that of the entire lot, or 

;

The width of the garden is  less than that of the entire lot, or 

;

The area of the garden is their product:

 

Now, subtract the areas:

Example Question #651 : Psat Mathematics

Two circles of a radius of  each sit inside a square with a side length of .  If the circles do not overlap, what is the area outside of the circles, but within the square?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The area of a square = \dpi{100} \small side^{2}

The area of a circle is \dpi{100} \small \pi r^{2}

Area  = Area of Square \dpi{100} \small - 2(Area of Circle) =

Example Question #651 : Psat Mathematics

If the area Rectangle A is  larger than Rectangle B and the sides of Rectangle A are  and , what is the area of Rectangle B?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Example Question #331 : Plane Geometry

ABCD is a parallelogram. BD = 5. The angles of triangle ABD are all equal. What is the perimeter of the parallelogram?

Figure_1

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

If all of the angles in triangle ABD are equal and line BD divides the parallelogram, then all angles in triangle BDC must be equal as well.

We now have two equilateral triangles, so all sides of the triangles will be equal.

All sides therefore equal 5.

5+5+5+5 = 20

Example Question #1 : Factoring

Factor the following variable

(x2 + 18x + 72)

Possible Answers:

(x + 18) (x + 72)

(x + 6) (x + 12)

(x – 6) (x – 12)

(x – 6) (x + 12)

(x + 6) (x – 12)

Correct answer:

(x + 6) (x + 12)

Explanation:

You need to find two numbers that multiply to give 72 and add up to give 18

easiest way: write the multiples of 72:

1, 72

2, 36

3, 24

4, 18

6, 12: these add up to 18

 (x + 6)(x + 12)

Example Question #2 : Variables

Factor 9x2 + 12x + 4.

Possible Answers:

(9x + 4)(9x + 4)

(9x + 4)(9x – 4)

(3x – 2)(3x – 2)

(3x + 2)(3x – 2)

(3x + 2)(3x + 2)

Correct answer:

(3x + 2)(3x + 2)

Explanation:

Nothing common cancels at the beginning. To factor this, we need to find two numbers that multiply to 9 * 4 = 36 and sum to 12. 6 and 6 work.

So 9x2 + 12x + 4 = 9x2 + 6x + 6x + 4

Let's look at the first two terms and last two terms separately to begin with. 9x2 + 6x can be simplified to 3x(3x + 2) and 6x + 4 can be simplified into 2(3x + 2). Putting these together gets us 

9x2 + 12x + 4

= 9x2 + 6x + 6x + 4

= 3x(3x + 2) + 2(3x + 2) 

= (3x + 2)(3x + 2)

This is as far as we can factor. 

Example Question #1 : How To Factor A Variable

If \dpi{100} \small \frac{x^{2}-9}{x+3}=5 , and \dpi{100} \small x\neq -3 , what is the value of \dpi{100} \small x?

Possible Answers:

6

–6

0

–8

8

Correct answer:

8

Explanation:

The numerator on the left can be factored so the expression becomes \dpi{100} \small \frac{\left ( x+3 \right )\times \left ( x-3 \right )}{\left ( x+3 \right )}=5, which can be simplified to \dpi{100} \small \left ( x-3 \right )=5

Then you can solve for \dpi{100} \small x by adding 3 to both sides of the equation, so \dpi{100} \small x=8

Example Question #2 : How To Factor A Variable

Solve for x:

\small x^2+3x+2=0

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} \small x=2\ or\ 1

\dpi{100} \small x=-2\ or\ 1

\dpi{100} \small x=-2\ or-1

\dpi{100} \small x=2\ or-1

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} \small x=-2\ or-1

Explanation:

First, factor.

\small x^2+3x+2=(x+2)(x+1)=0

Set each factor equal to 0

\small x+2=0; x=-2

\small x+1=0; x=-1

Therefore,

\dpi{100} \small x=-2\ or-1

Example Question #3 : How To Factor A Variable

When  is factored, it can be written in the form , where , , , , , and  are all integer constants, and .

What is the value of ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Let's try to factor x2 – y2 – z2 + 2yz.

Notice that the last three terms are very close to y2 + z2 – 2yz, which, if we rearranged them, would become y2 – 2yz+ z2. We could factor y2 – 2yz+ z2 as (y – z)2, using the general rule that p2 – 2pq + q2 = (p – q)2 .

So we want to rearrange the last three terms. Let's group them together first.

x2 + (–y2 – z2 + 2yz)

If we were to factor out a –1 from the last three terms, we would have the following:

x2 – (y2 + z2 – 2yz)

Now we can replace y2 + z2 – 2yz with (y – z)2.

x2 – (y – z)2

This expression is actually a differences of squares. In general, we can factor p2 – q2 as (p – q)(p + q). In this case, we can substitute x for p and (y – z) for q.

x2 – (y – z)= (x – (y – z))(x  + (y – z))

Now, let's distribute the negative one in the trinomial x – (y – z)

(x – (y – z))(x  + (y – z)) 

(x – y + z)(x + y – z)

The problem said that factoring x2 – y2 – z2 + 2yz would result in two polynomials in the form (ax + by + cz)(dx + ey + fz), where a, b, c, d, e, and f were all integers, and a > 0.

(x – y + z)(x + y – z) fits this form. This means that a = 1, b = –1, c = 1, d = 1, e = 1, and f = –1. The sum of all of these is 2.

The answer is 2. 

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