The mitotic sequence occurs during the M phase of the cell cycle. The process is outlined below.

Prophase—chromosomes condense

Metaphase—chromosomes align in the center of the cell

Anaphase—sister chromatids begin to separate

Telophase—separated chromosomes decondense (relax)

Cytokinesis—the cytosol of the cell completely separates and the membranes fuse shut

The fibers of the spindle apparatus function by attaching to the centromeres of chromosomes and shortening, pulling the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell. Since chromosomes line up on the apparatus during metaphase, we know that the spindle apparatus must have begun to form during prophase. The spindle attach during metaphase, and pull the chromatids apart during anaphase.

During anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and pulled to polar ends of the cell. Drug therapy would best be able to target the mutation during this phase of mitosis.

Chromosomes condense and exit the nucleus during prophase. Alignment along the equatorial plate occurs during metaphase. Separation occurs during anaphase, and the nuclei begin to re-form during telophase in preparation for cytokinesis.

DNA is stored in loosely wound euchromatin before mitosis. During mitosis, the DNA condenses into chromosomes, which are made of heterochromatin. It becomes more dense during prophase, and stays that way until the end of mitosis. Euchromatin is more lightly packed than heterochromatin.

Mitosis follows the following sequence: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis. Interphase refers to the time period between mitotic divisions. During interphase, most DNA is euchromatin, but some regions remain as heterochromatin to prevent unwanted transcription; thus DNA exists as both types of chromatin during interphase, but only as heterochromatin during mitosis. Matching euchromatin to telophase is the answer, as this is a false statement.

If nondisjunction occurs in Metaphase I, then one extra chromosome composed of two tetrads would go into one of the cells starting metaphase II while the other would have one less. This extra chromosome would then undergo the rest of meiosis normally, leaving an extra chromosome, composed of one tetrad in two of the daughter sperm. These are the two that are missing from the other daughter sperm. 

This is a simple memorization problem. Crossover occurs when the nucleus decondenses. The chromosomes are able to crossover during prophase I when chromosome pairs are aligned next to one another. Crossover cannot occur later in meiosis, as the chromosomes have already been separated.

Metaphase I is the best answer. Because the chromosomes are arranged as tetrads, we know that it is in meiosis I. Only in meiosis I do we separate homologous chromosome pairs, rather than sister chromatids.

Additionally, because the chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell, metaphase is the most likely phase of meiosis. Anaphase involves the separation of chromosomes, and telophase is the terminal phase after full separation is accomplished.

Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes that yield very different results. One of the major differences is that meiosis separates homologous chromosomes prior to separating sister chromatids. This is what leads to the reduction of ploidy. Both processes involve spindle formation (the microtubule apparatus that pulls the chromosomes/chromatids apart). Recombination is a phenomenon unique to meiosis that results in increasing genetic diversity.

The key difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is recombination. If a process involves shuffling of genetic material between chromosomes (recombination), then it is sexual reproduction. Recall that crossing over, a type of genetic recombination, occurs during prophase I of meiosis. This leads to the production of daughter cells that are distinct from the parents; therefore, meiosis is a form of sexual reproduction.

In mitosis there is no genetic recombination and the daughter cells are identical to the parent cells; therefore, mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction.

Meiosis is the process by which a diploid cell divides into four haploid daughter cells. The daughter cells produced are called gametes (sperm in males and egg in females). By definition, a haploid cell contains only one set of chromosomes; therefore, the egg and sperm cells will not contain any homologous chromosomes.

Recall that mitosis is part of the cell cycle and that it is preceded by three phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase. Meiosis is immediately followed by the G2 phase. The main function of meiosis is to produce haploid gametes that can be used for sexual reproduction. Growth and repair of tissues in the human body is accomplished by mitosis, not meiosis.