ISEE Upper Level Quantitative : Equations

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ISEE Upper Level Quantitative

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Equations

A company makes toy boats.  Their monthly fixed costs are $1500.  The variable costs are $50 per boat.  They sell boats for $75 a piece.  How many boats must be sold each month to break even?

Possible Answers:

75

100

60

50

Correct answer:

60

Explanation:

The break-even point is where the costs equal the revenues

Fixed Costs + Variable Costs = Revenues

1500 + 50x = 75x

Solving for x results in x = 60 boats sold each month to break even.

Example Question #2 : How To Find The Solution To An Equation

Sally sells cars for a living.  She has a monthly salary of $1,000 and a commission of $500 for each car sold.  How much money would she make if she sold seven cars in a month?

Possible Answers:

$4,000

$5,000

$4,500

$5,500

Correct answer:

$4,500

Explanation:

The commission she gets for selling seven cars is $500 * 7 = $3,500 and added to the salary of $1,000 yields $4,500 for the month.

Example Question #2 : Equations

Solve the following system of equations:  xy = 5 and 2x + y = 4. 

What is the sum of x and y?

Possible Answers:

6

9

5

1

Correct answer:

1

Explanation:

Add the two equations to get 3x = 9, so x = 3.  Substitute the value of x into one of the equations to find the value of y; therefore x = 3 and y = –2, so their sum is 1.

Example Question #4 : How To Find The Solution To An Equation

If x = 1/3 and y = 1/2, find the value of 2x + 3y.

Possible Answers:

2

6/5

13/6

1

Correct answer:

13/6

Explanation:

Substitute the values of x and y into the given expression:

2(1/3) + 3(1/2)

= 2/3 + 3/2

= 4/6 + 9/6

= 13/6

Example Question #3 : Equations

For what value(s) of  is the expression  undefined?

Possible Answers:

The expression is undefined for 

The expression is undefined for 

The expression is undefined for  and 

The expression is undefined for  and 

The expression is defined for all real values of 

Correct answer:

The expression is defined for all real values of 

Explanation:

The expression is undefined for exactly those values of  which yield a denominator of 0 - that is, for which 

However, for all real 

 ,

and, subsequently,

 

meaning the denominator is always positive. Therefore, the expression is defined for all real values of .

Example Question #4 : Equations

Albert has thirteen bills in his wallet, each one a five-dollar bill or a ten-dollar bill. What is the fewest number of ten-dollar bills that he can have and have more than $100.

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Let  be the number of ten-dollar bills Albert has; then he has  five-dollar bills.

He then has  dollars in his wallet, which must be greater than $100. Set up and solve an inequality:

Therefore, the lowest whole number of ten-dollar bills that Albert can have is eight.

Example Question #5 : Equations

Solve for :

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Expand both products, the left using distribution, the right using the binomial square pattern:

Note that the quadratic terms can be eliminated, yielding a linear equation.

Example Question #4 : How To Find The Solution To An Equation

Solve for  :

Possible Answers:

The equation has no solution.

Correct answer:

The equation has no solution.

Explanation:

This identically false statement alerts us to the fact that the original equation has no solution.

Example Question #9 : How To Find The Solution To An Equation

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

First, rewrite the quadratic equation in standard form by FOILing out the product on the left, then collecting all of the terms on the left side:

Use the  method to split the middle term into two terms; we want the coefficients to have a sum of 1 and a product of . These numbers are , so we do the following:

Set each expression equal to 0 and solve:

or 

The solution set is .

Example Question #6 : Equations

Solve for :

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

First, rewrite the quadratic equation in standard form by distributing the  through the product on the left, then collecting all of the terms on the left side:

Use the  method to factor the quadratic expression ; we are looking to split the linear term by finding two integers whose sum is 7 and whose product is . These integers are , so:

Set each expression equal to 0 and solve:

or

The solution set is .

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