Because Tim thinks the doctor does not know what she is doing, it suggests that Tim would think she was not a good doctor, or was a phony doctor. This leads us to the correct answer, which is “quack.” A “quack” is an imposter who claims to know what he or she is doing, but actually does not. To provide further help, a “nomad” is someone who travels without a fixed home; a “prototype” is a model intended to serve as an example; a “turncoat” is someone who changes from supporting one cause to supporting an opposing one; and “succor” means help, aid or assistance.

We can infer that because Carol "excel[ed] in the advanced [math] classes" and "plac[ed] in the top five in the school district's math competition" that she had a talent for math. So, we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like "talent for." "Ignorance of" means the opposite of the answer choice we are looking for, and "distaste for," "annoyance with," and "fear of" all involve negative connotations that don't fit the sentence's context. "Aptitude for" is the best answer choice because "aptitude" is a noun that means "a natural ability to do something" or "a natural tendency." Because "aptitude for" best fits the sentence's context, it is the correct answer.

The context of the sentence tells us that President Barack Obama was given the Nobel Peace Prize. This means he received it or was the “recipient.” To provide further help, an “aperture” is an opening; an “agent” is someone or something that makes something happen; “captive” means caught, imprisoned; “facile” means easy to do. 

The second part of this sentence illustrates that the missing word needs to give the reader an idea of how disastrous the typhoon was. The best word to complete the sentence is "calamity." The definition of "calamity" is a disaster, or an event that causes significant damage to a region or area.

We know that the dogs were trained to work with each other, and while "together" might seem like the obvious answer, it doesn't fit in the blank because of the sentence's grammar; the sled dogs don't "work in together" with each other. However, "tandem" is a word that when used as an adverb, means "alongside each other; together"; because "in tandem" is a phrase that also means "alongside each other; together" and is grammatically correct, "tandem" is the correct answer.

The key thing to note for this question is the implication that Justin is not an able administrator. This means that he lacks ability to run the school, which is best expressed by the word "inability." Here, the "in-" prefix means lack of. Often, "i-" or some form of it (like "in-") indicates the lack or opposite of something. For example, "illicit" and "illegal" both mean "not legal" or "lacking legality."

Because the troops invaded in winter and suffered in freezing conditions, we can assume they succumbed to a disease caused by being very cold, or “hypothermia.” The prefix hypo- means very, and the suffix -therm means related to temperature. To provide further help, “acupuncture” is a treatment of disease through sticking needles all over the skin; “hyperactive” means wired, restless, energetic; “accumulate” means collect; “denigration” means scorn.

The information in this sentence tells us that we are looking for an answer choice that describes someone who knows everything. The prefix "omni-" means everything and "sci" refers to knowledge, so someone who is “omniscient” or has “omniscience” knows everything. To provide further help, “omnipotent” means all-powerful; “insinuation” is an accusation; “indoctrination” is the process of manipulating someone into agreeing with an ideology; “numeration” means listing or counting.

The town was able to build itself back up after bad events, which shows its "resilience."

We know that the electrician was pretty impudent by demanding payment for services that caused a fire in his client's home, so we need to pick out an answer choice that is a noun and means something like "impudence." Only three of the possible answer choices are nouns—"gall," "honesty," and "concession." "Honesty" doesn't fit the context of the sentence, and neither does "concession," which means "a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands; a thing conceded." "Gall," however, means "bold, impudent behavior" when used as a noun, and fits the context of the sentence, so "gall" is the correct answer.