To find the probability of an event, we use the following formula:

So, given the event of drawing a diamond card from a deck of cards, we get

because there are 13 diamond cards in a deck of cards:

1. Ace of diamonds
2. Two of diamonds
3. Three of diamonds
4. Four of diamonds
5. Five of diamonds
6. Six of diamonds
7. Seven of diamonds
8. Eight of diamonds
9. Nine of diamonds
10. Ten of diamonds
11. Jack of diamonds
12. Queen of diamonds
13. King of diamonds

Now, we will find the total number of possible outcomes.  We get

because there are 52 cards to choose from within one deck.

Knowing all of this, we will substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of drawing a diamond card from a deck of cards is .

To find the probability of an event, we use the following formula:

So, given the event of drawing a black card from a deck of cards, we get

because there are 26 black cards cards in a deck of cards:

• 13 cards that are Spades
• 13 cards that are Clubs

Now, we will find the total number of possible outcomes.  We get

because there are 52 cards to choose from within one deck.

Knowing all of this, we will substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of drawing a black card from a deck of cards is .

To find the probability of an event, we will use the following formula:

Now, given the event of picking an even number between 1 and 10, we can determine the following.

because there are 5 even numbers between 1 and 10:

• 2
• 4
• 6
• 8
• 10

Now, we can also determine the following:

because there are 10 different numbers we could potentially pick:

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7
• 8
• 9
• 10

Knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of picking an even number between 1 and 10 is .

To find the probability of an event, we will use the following formula:

Now, given the event of drawing an Ace from a deck of cards, we can calculate the following.

because there are 4 Aces in a deck of cards that we could draw:

• Ace of Hearts
• Ace of Diamonds
• Ace of Spades
• Ace of Clubs

Now, we can calculate he following.

because there are 52 total cards within a deck that we could potentially draw. 

Knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of drawing an Ace from a deck of cards is .

To find the probability of an event, we will use the following formula:

Now, given the event of drawing a pencil out of the bag, we can determine the following:

because there are 2 pencils in the bag.

Now, we can determine the following:

because there are 12 total objects in the bag we could potentially draw:

• 3 blue pens
• 2 red pens
• 5 black pens
• 2 pencils

Now, knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of drawing a pencil out of the bag is .

To find the probability of an event, we will use the following formula:

Now, given the event of the teacher calling on a boy, we can determine the following:

because there are 8 boys in the classroom.

Now, we can determine the following:

because there are 20 total students in the class the teacher could potentially call on:

• 8 boys
• 12 girls

Now, knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of the teacher calling on a boy is .

To find the probability of an event, we will use the following formula:

Now, given the event of grabbing a blue pen from the bag, we can calculate the following:

because there are 3 blue pens in the bag.

Now, we can calculate the following:

because there are 12 pens in the bag we could potentially grab:

• 5 red pens
• 3 blue pens
• 4 black pens

Knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of grabbing a blue pen from the bag is .

To find the probability of an event, we will use the following formula:

So, given the event of drawing a 4 of Hearts, we can calculate the following:

Because there is only one 4 of Hearts in a deck of cards.

Now, we can calculate the following:

Because there are 52 cards we could potentially draw from a deck of cards.

Knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of drawing a 4 of Hearts from a deck of cards is .

To find the probability of an event, we will use the following formula:

So, given the event of drawing a pencil from the bag, we can calculate the following:

Because there are 6 pencils in the bag.

Now, we can calculate the following:

Because there are 18 total items in the bag:

• 5 pens
• 6 pencils
• 7 markers

Knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of drawing a pencil from the bag is .

To find the probability of an event, we will use the following formula:

So, given the event of drawing a black pen from the bag, we can calculate the following:

Because there are 15 black pens in the bag.

Now, we can calculate the following:

Because there are 30 total items in the bag to choose from:

• 10 red pens
• 15 black pens
• 5 blue pens

Knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

Therefore, the probability of drawing a black pen from the bag is .